Grounding. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Grounding. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Grounding and grounding

They come to us from the power plant along the power lines three wires - three phase. The earth on which we walk also participates in the transfer of energy as fourth wires. The voltage on the wires of power lines, and then the power cables included in your home, does not exist by itself, but is measured relative to the ground.

The buildings, of course, are already coming four wires - specially created at the substation earthen a wire that, roughly speaking, is connected to the ground. They call him ground, although correct neutral. There is no voltage on it, it only serves to ensure that the phase wire has a pair. The second wire is called - phase. This is the same phase that came out with the CHP, only it went through a lot of switching and transformations.

In order to connect the chandelier, these two wires are enough. However, all electrical equipment has three wires (the exception is double insulation). The third the wire - corps.

The fact is that the power grid inside the building not two-wireas almost everyone thinks not three-wire (three-phase), as many people think, and not four-wire (three phases and neutral), as even many professionals think. AT correctly of the designed network is present fifth wire, which is already really called ground or housing.

In any industrial building and in all modern residential buildings there is a special ground loopto which this wire is connected. The wire neutral, and the wire grounding (cabinet) are interconnected in one point - in the main power shield of the building. As a result, in correctly connected three-wire socket come two earthen wires and one the wire phase. But only one of them is truly grounded.

Neutral and phase can be interchanged anywhere and any way, so they are both also called power wires. Inside the device (for example, a computer), these power wires come to the power supply, and all international standards require two conditions:

firstly, the design of the device must ensure the isolation of these wires from the case;
Secondly, when designing device circuits, it is forbidden to make any distinction between them, that is, both of them should be considered phase.

Publication: electro.narod.ru

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