Organization of a safe workplace for a welder. Scheme, description

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Electric welding. Organization of a safe workplace for a welder. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / welding equipment

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The main harmful factors associated with electric arc welding:

Factor 1. Powerful light radiation of an electric arc in the visible, as well as in the ultraviolet and infrared ranges.
Factor 2. Air pollution with gases, most of which are harmful to health, as well as dust pollution, consisting of combustion products of coating and metal.
Factor 3. The presence of molten metal in the welding zone, as well as splashes of molten metal that scatter around.
Factor 4. Open circuit voltage on the welding electrode, as well as high mains voltage supplying the welding source.

Eye protection for arc welding

Powerful light radiation of the arc can lead to damage to the retina of the eye, with subsequent deterioration of vision, to burns of unprotected areas of the skin. Prolonged and intense exposure to ultraviolet rays emitted by an electric arc on the lens of the eye can cause its clouding with subsequent cataracts.

Eye damage from arc light, ultraviolet radiation, and molten metal spatter accounts for almost half of the total injuries associated with arc welding and metal cutting. At the same time, only a quarter of the cases occur at the welders themselves, and the rest are attributable to the people around the place of welding!

To protect others from the harmful effects of welding arc radiation, the workplace of the welder must be fenced with fireproof screens. Screens and equipment should be painted in light colors with diffuse light reflections to reduce the contrast between the brightness of the arc and the surrounding surfaces.

The free area of the fenced area must be at least 3 mm2.

Application of traditional protective equipment

To protect the face and eyes of the welder from light radiation and splashes of molten metal, welding shields (Fig. 17.4. a) and masks (Fig. 17.4. b) are used, which are usually made of electric cardboard, fiber, fluoroplastic or other suitable material.

Organization of a safe workplace for a welder
Fig, 17.4. Protective devices: a - welding shield; b - welding mask

To monitor the welding process, a special viewing hole was made in the mask, into which a protective light filter is inserted.

This filter absorbs:

ultra-violet rays;
a significant amount of light and infrared rays.

Ordinary glass is installed in front of the light filter, which protects it from splashes and drops of molten metal.

In table. 17.24 lists the filters recommended by GOST 12.4.080-79 for protection against arc radiation.

A guiding document that has been in place for almost 30 years GOST 12.4.080-79 regulates:

the level of permissible transmission in the ultraviolet region, at a wavelength λ = 0,32 µm, - no more than 0,0001% for all numbers of light filters
the level of allowable transmission in the infrared region, at a wavelength λ = 1 micron, - no more than 0,1%.

Table 17.24. Light filters recommended by GOST 12.4.080-79 for protection against arc radiation during various types of welding

Organization of a safe workplace for a welder

Protective welding helmets of the new generation "Chameleon"

Recently, masks from various manufacturers have appeared on the market, which are popularly called "Chameleon" (Fig. 17.5). The protective glass of such a mask contains a light filter with a liquid crystal shutter.

The filter is transparent under normal conditions and instantly darkens when an electric arc occurs. The light filter provides absorption and reflection of radiation harmful to the eyes in the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the arc radiation.

These masks are produced in accordance with the recently developed international standard DIN 7-13, which differs from GOST 12.4.080-79 and regulates more stringent requirements for transmittance in the ultraviolet and infrared regions.

Organization of a safe workplace for a welder
Rice. 17.5. Welding helmet "Chameleon"

DIN 7-13 standard sets transmittance threshold:

in the infrared region (λ = 0,78-1,4 microns) - no more than 10^-2 %;
in the ultraviolet region (λ = 0,212-0,365 microns) - no more than 10^-5 %.

In table. 17.25 are listed light filters recommended by DIN 7-13 for protection against arc radiation in various types of welding.

LCD shutter filters can be either fixed or adjustable dimming.

Table 17.25. Light filters recommended DIN 7-13 for protection against arc radiation in various types of welding

Organization of a safe workplace for a welder

First aid

With electrophthalmia (caught a "bunny"), cotton wool soaked in cold water, and preferably in a weak solution of baking soda or a 2% solution of boric acid, should be placed on the victim's eyes. It is desirable to transfer the victim to a dark room.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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