The effect of electric current on a person. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electrical safety. The effect of electric current on a person. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Consequences of electric shock

Depending on the conditions under which a person is exposed to an electric current, the consequences of this action may be different. But one must always expect its action on the nervous system, which is the most dangerous. As you know, the work of the heart is regulated by nerve impulses emanating from the nervous system, under the influence of which its contraction occurs in a certain rhythm. Breathing is also controlled by the nervous system.

The action of an electric current disrupts the influence of the nervous system on the work of the heart and breathing, which can lead to erratic contraction of the muscles of the heart, called fibrillation, which is tantamount to stopping it, and to respiratory arrest, which leads to death.

The effects of current on the nervous system are expressed as electric shock и shock.

Electric shock, depending on the consequences, can be divided into five degrees:

degree 1 - barely perceptible muscle contraction;
degree 2 - convulsive muscle contraction with severe pain, without loss of consciousness, while there may be mechanical injuries under the action of muscle contraction;
degree 3 - convulsive muscle contraction with loss of consciousness, but with preserved work of the heart and breathing;
degree 4 - loss of consciousness with a violation of the heart and breathing;
degree 5 - clinical death, when a person does not breathe, his heart does not work and there are no other signs of life.

With timely assistance, a person can be brought back to life.

Electric shock has phases of excitation and inhibition. Excitation phase characterized by the preservation of activity and efficiency, but then it turns into deceleration phase, which is characterized by a decrease in pressure, increased heart rate, weakening of breathing, a depressed state occurs, then clinical death, which, without assistance, can turn into biological. Other effects of current on a person are possible.

Other effects of current on a person

Thermal exposure is characterized by various burns, chemical exposure is accompanied by electrolysis of blood and other solutions in the body, a violation of their chemical composition and functions in the body. Mechanical impact leads to various injuries of body parts under the influence of involuntary muscle contraction.

The main value when acting on a person is the strength of the current passing through his body, but the type of current, its frequency, the path of the current through the human body, the duration of the current and the individual characteristics of the victim also affect.

Different values of current with a frequency of 50 Hz act as follows:

current 5-10 mA - muscle pain, convulsive contractions, hands can hardly be torn off the electrodes;
current 10-20 mA - pain, hands cannot be torn off the electrodes;
current 25-50 mA - pain in the arms and chest, breathing is difficult, respiratory paralysis and loss of consciousness are possible;
current 50-80 mA - with prolonged action, clinical death is possible;
current 100 mA or more - with a duration of more than 3 s, clinical death is possible.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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