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LEDs. State of the art high performance LEDs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
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A luminous efficacy of more than 100 lm/W has actually been achieved. White LEDs have been created with a total color rendering index Ra of more than 80. The service life of serial LEDs has reached an average of 50 thousand hours, and according to some companies, even 100 thousand hours. The unit power of LEDs has reached 10 W.
The cost of LEDs decreases quite quickly (for example, headlamps with 9 white 5 mm LEDs with a power of about 0,04 W each are available for sale at a price of only 100 Russian rubles (including batteries). That is, the price of one white LED in these lamps does not exceed 5 rubles, while only four years ago it was about $ 5). Several billion LEDs are produced annually in the world. China, together with other countries of Southeast Asia, has become the undisputed leader in terms of production in this area.
Rice. 4.14. XLamp XR-E LED Series Appearance
But in the production of high-quality high-performance LEDs and crystals for them, the leader is the American company Cree (cree.com), which was the first to start making LEDs on a substrate not from sapphire or silicon, but from silicon carbide (SiC), which has a significantly lower thermal resistance, using in light-emitting crystals of gallium and indium nitrides (Fig. 4.14, Fig. 4.15). This made it possible to increase the luminous efficiency of white LEDs up to 80-100 lm/W.
Rice. 4.15. XLamp XR-E LED series mounted on board
Rice. 4.16. Appearance of Luxeon Rebel AllnGaN LED
Rice. 4.17. Appearance of Luxeon Rebel AllnGaP LED
It should be noted that today such large manufacturers as OSRAM Opto Semiconductor, Seoul Semiconductor, LedEngin, dison Opto Corporation, Avago Technology and many others produce their LEDs based on Cree crystals. In turn, the company Lumileds (PHILIPS) does not lag behind the leader, having recently released a new line of Luxeon® Rebel LEDs (Fig. 4.16 - Fig. 4.19).
Rice. 4.18. The internal structure of Luxeon Rebel (AllnGaN) series LEDs
Rice. 4.19. Internal structure of Luxeon Rebel (AUnGaP) series LEDs
The luminous flux of Luxeon® Rebel LEDs, in particular the LXML-PWC1-0100, is 100 lm at a current of 350 mA and 180 lm at a current of 700 mA. That is, at a current of 350 mA, the light output is approximately 100 lm/W. Interesting LEDs for local and general lighting are also produced by OSRAM Opto Semiconductor. The luminous flux of the OSTAR LED is 1000 lm (Fig. 4.20).
Rice. 4.20. Appearance of OSTAR series LED
Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.
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