Fluorescent lamps for decorative lighting. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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UV and special fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps for decorative lighting. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Fluorescent lamps

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Colored lamps of red, green, yellow, blue, designed for lighting design for decorative purposes, are available in the nomenclature of all leading manufacturers of LL. In table. 2.21 shows the main characteristics of colored lamps OSRAM, and in table. 2.22 and tab. 2.23 shows the main characteristics of colored lamps PHILIPS.

Table 2.21. Characteristics of OSRAM colored fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps for decorative lighting

Table 2.22. Overall dimensions of PHILIPS colored fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps for decorative lighting

Table 2.23. Characteristics of PHILIPS color fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps for decorative lighting

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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Bridge made of water in an electric field 04.02.2008

Researchers from the Graz University of Technology (Austria) have discovered an unusual property of water: in a strong electric field, a water bridge forms between two glasses of water.

The Austrian scientists' experiment was simple. They filled two laboratory beakers with a volume of 100 ml with distilled water so that the distance from the surface of the water to the edges was 3 mm. The glasses were placed at a distance of 1 mm from each other and electrodes were placed in them, one of which was grounded, and a constant voltage of 15 kV was applied to the other.

To the surprise of the experimenters, a cylindrical water bridge formed between the glasses. At a voltage of 25 kV, the maximum length of the bridge reached 25 mm. With a quick power outage, the bridge broke up into many drops. If a charged glass rod was brought to the bridge, it was attracted to it and formed a water arch. When any ions were added to the water, the water bridge was destroyed.

Scientists noted that regardless of the length of the bridge, there is a transfer of water from one glass to another. The heating of the bridge was recorded - the thinner it is, the more the water heated up. Interestingly, the density of water in the bridge was 7% higher than usual. Perhaps the water molecules in the bridge line up in a denser highly ordered structure.

How is such a bridge formed? The researchers suggest that it may occur due to the electrostatic interaction of charges on the surface of the water.

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