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Solders and fluxes. Properties. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical materials

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Hard soldering carried out by electrocontact method, graphite or copper electrodes or by arc welding. Small parts are soldered using an autogen. In the electrocontact method, the solder is placed in advance between the parts to be joined or introduced into the joint during the soldering process, welding is carried out without metal additives by fusing the ends of the parts to be joined.

For electrocontact soldering borax is usually used as a flux for silver solders. Soldering with self-fluxing solders, which include phosphorus, and welding in a protective atmosphere are carried out without the use of flux.

Solders containing phosphorus for soldering steels and cast iron and joints subjected to shock and vibration cannot be used due to the brittleness of the solder joint. Classification and chemical composition of soft and semi-hard solders are given in table. 1.50.

Table 1.50. Classification and chemical composition of soft and semi-hard solders

Physical and mechanical properties of soft and semi-solid solders are given in table. 1.51.

Table 1.51. Physical and mechanical properties of soft and semi-solid solders

Preferred Applications for Soft and Semi-Hard Solders are given in table. 1.52.

Table 1.52. Preferred Applications for Soft and Semi-Hard Solders

Note. Antimony solders are not recommended for soldering zinc and galvanized parts.

Table 1.53. Parameters of Low Melting Point Soft Solders

Note. They are used in radio circuits with semiconductor devices and in circuits where solder is used as a temperature fuse.

Chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of solid silver and copper-phosphorus solders are given in table. 1.54.

Table 1.54. Chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of solid silver and copper-phosphorus solders

Parameters of copper-zinc and copper-nickel hard solders are given in table. 1.55.

Table 1.55. Some copper-zinc and copper-nickel brazing alloys

Parameters of low melting point silver solders are given in table. 1.56.

Table 1.56. Silver solders with reduced melting point

Preferred Applications for Brazing Solders are given in table. 1.57.

Table 1.57. Preferred Applications for Brazing Solders

The parameters of copper-phosphorus solders are given in table. 1.58.

Table 1.58. Copper-phosphorus solders

Note. For copper-phosphorus and silver solders, borax is used as a flux in the form of a powder or mixed with common salt.

Solder parameters for aluminum soldering are given in table. 1.59.

Table 1.59. Solders for soldering aluminum according to the electrical engineering standard ОАА.614.017-67

Preferred areas of application of solders for aluminum brazing are given in table. 1.60.

Table 1.60. Preferred areas of application of solders for aluminum brazing

Solder parameters for aluminum soldering are given in table. 1.61.

Table 1.61. Solders for aluminum soldering (VTU Tsvetmetobrabotki 1989-56)

Parameters of other solders for aluminum brazing are given in table. 1.62.

Table 1.62. Solders for aluminum brazing

Parameters of fluxes for soldering with soft and semi-hard solders are given in table. 1.63.

Table 1.63. Fluxes for soldering with soft and semi-hard solders (normal electrical engineering OM.614.017-67 and OM.614.028-68)

Parameters of fluxes for soldering copper and its alloys are given in table. 1.64.

Table 1.64. Fluxes for soldering copper and its alloys

When soldering copper conductors, as well as grounding conductors to the armor and lead sheath of cables, a solder paste is used, consisting of the following components (in mass parts): rosin - 10, animal fat - 3, ammonium chloride - 2, zinc chloride - 1, water or ethyl alcohol (rectified) - 1. Soldering paste is often used as a flux according to the following recipe: rosin - 2,5%, lard - 5%, zinc chloride - 20%, ammonium chloride - 2%, technical vaseline - 65,5% , distilled water - 5%.

Parameters of fluxes for aluminum soldering and welding are given in table. 1.65.

Table 1.65. Fluxes for aluminum brazing and welding

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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