Installation of electrical wiring in garages and workshops. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Installation of electrical wiring in garages and workshops. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric installation work

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According to fire safety rules (Sh1B-08-85) in garage you can’t refuel a car, carry out repair work related to washing parts with kerosene or gasoline, painting or touching up a car, you can’t store a supply of gasoline in a volume of more than 20 liters, etc. If these requirements are violated, then according to explosion safety conditions, the garage is classified as a class B room -1a, in which, during normal operation, explosive mixtures of flammable liquid vapors with air are not formed and are possible only in the event of an accident or malfunction.

In the premises of this class, the wiring must be made in gas pipes, and all lighting fixtures must be explosion-proof. Fuses and switches for lighting circuits are installed in an explosion-proof room or outdoors. Cable passages through the wall (Fig. 42) can be made through pipe sections sealed with fibrous filler. If the power input is made by a cable laid in a pipe, sealing is carried out using a pipe gland.

Installation of electrical wiring in garages and workshops
Rice. 42. Cable entry into an explosive room through a wall: 1 - cable; 2 - pipe; 3 - seal with fibrous filler

Let's pay attention to the following. Explosion-proof luminaires are much larger than conventional luminaires and are not suitable for installation in garages, the ceilings in which, as a rule, do not exceed 2,5 m. However, luminaires installed on the outside in front of non-opening transoms with double glazing. With single glazing of transoms, luminaires must have protective glasses or glass caps.

The luminaires can be located in niches of walls with double glazing and ventilation of niches with outside air. In these cases, it is allowed to perform lighting with lamps without explosion protection, i.e., general purpose.

Since the use of portable lamps in explosive areas should be limited, it is advisable to make the illumination of the garage the same as in residential premises - 12-16 W per 1 m2.

To power portable electrical receivers, use a flexible wire with copper conductors with rubber insulation in a rubber oil and petrol resistant sheath that does not spread combustion. The use of wires or cables with polyethylene insulation or sheath is prohibited.

Sockets of portable electrical receivers must also be made in an explosion-proof design or removed from the explosive zone.

In accordance with the Fire Safety Rules, for general lighting of concrete, stone and metal garages, finished inside with non-conductive materials, including floors, it is allowed to use permanently installed (on the ceiling or walls) indoor lamps with voltage up to 220 V.

Lighting of all types of metal garages with conductive walls and floors is allowed by permanently installed enclosed lamps with a voltage of up to 42 V and portable lamps - up to 12 V.

In garages, only factory-made fixtures should be used.

Zeroing in lighting networks is carried out by a zero protective conductor laid in common shells together with phase conductors.

If the unheated workshop room is separated from the garage, which is a class B-1a explosive room, by a wall without openings, then it is an explosion and fire safe room. To power the electrical consumers located in the block of outbuildings, an overhead or cable line is laid and an input to the workshop is arranged. A shield is mounted in the workshop room, on which start-up and protective equipment is placed, serving the garage, workshop, and other outbuildings, including premises for livestock and poultry.

The location of the starting and protective equipment of the garage and other utility rooms in the workshop makes it possible to avoid more complex options for power supply to the buildings of the economic complex. In addition, the concentration of starting equipment on one shield for the entire block of outbuildings does not create difficulties in operation. If at night it is necessary to visit a garage or other premises, a circuit breaker is turned on on the switchboard located in the house. They open the workshop and turn on the lighting on the workshop panel with the appropriate switches where it is needed. The lighting of the garage is carried out by lamps installed in the niches of the walls in front of the glazed transoms. Suppose that the total power of the fixtures is 350 W (7 lamps of 50 W), the power of a portable lamp is 25 W for a voltage of 12 V.

Devices for turning on and protecting the garage lighting network, a step-down transformer, a device for protecting and turning on a portable lamp are installed on a switchboard located in the workshop on any of the walls, with the exception of the wall that is common with the garage.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

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