Electrical devices. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Electrician

Electrical devices. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric installation work

Wiring devices called switches and switches (except package ones), socket outlets, cartridges, fuses and pads with clips.

Schemes of connection and inclusion in the network of switches and switches are shown in fig. 21.

Contact clamps for connecting wires to electrical installation devices operated in stationary installations, they are made in such a way that both copper and aluminum conductors of wires can be connected to them. The clamps provide a constant contact pressure and prevent the core from being squeezed out from under the clamp.

Wiring devices
Rice. 21. Schemes of connection and inclusion in the network of switches and switches: a - single-pole switch; b - two-pole switch; c - double switch; e - switch; d - switch for control from two places

Distinguish between screw and pin clamps. Screws have a contact screw with a cylindrical head, a spring device and a device that prevents extrusion of the core (safety washer). The pin clamps consist of a threaded stud, a limit washer, two plain washers and three nuts.

Single-wire and multi-wire conductors are attached to screw and pin clamps.

By installation method breakers and switches are divided into products for open, hidden and semi-hidden installation, suspended, walk-through, built into the device and ceiling.

By the type of drive - for one- and two-key, flip, rotary, slider, one- and two-button and with a cord.

According to the method of protection from the influence of the external environment - protected and splash-proof.

One- and two-gang splash-proof switches and open-mounted switches are operated in dry and damp rooms, other switches and switches - only in dry ones.

To the base of the single-gang flush-mounted switch (Fig. 22), a mounting bracket and spacer tabs are attached with screws, designed to fix the base in a mounting box or niche. The holes in the spacer legs are made oblong, and depending on how the screws of the legs are screwed in, the distance between their ends varies within 10 mm. On the base there are also clamps for wires, one of which is connected to a fixed contact, and the second - to a movable one, which interacts with the switch key located on the axis. The switch cover is attached to the base with screws.

Wiring devices
Rice. 22. Switch with a key drive for hidden installation: a - principle of operation; b - general view; v-d - device; 1 - key; 2 and 3 - movable and fixed contacts; 4 - spring; 5 - pusher; 6 - lever; 7, 9, 14 - screws; 3 - cover; 10, 11 - clamps for wires; 12 - bracket; 13 - spacer legs; Oj and O2 - axes

On-wall switches do not have a mounting bracket and spacers. There are holes in the base of the switch for their fastening.

Switch keys can be covered with a phosphor, so that they are clearly visible in the dark.

Switches combined with dimmers (current regulators) - non-contact devices, make it possible to smoothly adjust the illumination with lamps with a power of 60-100 W from a few percent to almost full with minimal power loss.

Types of switches combined with dimmers: 1 - to control the illumination, the handle must be rotated, and to turn on / off - press (Fig. 23 a); 2 - touch (sensitive) drive (Fig. 23 b). In the case 2 of this regulator, an electronic circuit is assembled, which is triggered when the metal plate 4 is touched - the lamp turns on. At the next touch, the electronic circuit returns to its original position, and the lamp goes out. Illumination is regulated by rotating the clip 3.

Wiring devices
Rice. 23. Switches combined with dimmers (current regulators):

a, b - types of switches; 1 - adjusting handle; 2 - body; 3 - adjusting clip; 4 - metal plate; 5 - spacer legs

The dimmer switch is installed in a box for hidden wiring. For its fastening in the box, the switch has spacer legs.

Plug-in sockets for stationary hidden (fig. 24) and open installation can be single and double; protected, splash-proof, hermetic, dust-proof; with a protective (grounding or zeroing) contact (Fig. 25) or without it (depending on whether the body of the connected device requires grounding (grounding).

Wiring devices
Rice. 24. Plug socket for hidden installation: 1 - decorative cover; 2 - cover fastening screw; 3 - holes; 4 - guides; 5 - body; 6 - mounting bracket; 7 - mounting box; 8 - spacer legs; 9 - screws; 10 - contact nodes; 11 - body openings; 12 - through hole for screw 2; 13 - pin screw; 14 - bracket; 15 - plate; 16 - emphasis; 17 - spring preventing extrusion of the wire; 18 - wire; 19 - screw; 20 - puck

Wiring devices
Rice. 25. Plug socket with protective (grounding, zeroing) contact:

1 - holes for plug pins; 2 - holes for the protective pin; 3 - nests of pins of power wires; 4 - ground pin socket

Portable sockets are used in extension cords, splitters, as well as for connecting household appliances.

The socket outlet for concealed installation is fastened with spacer tabs. Design features: sufficient pressure on the fork pins is provided by a spring, one end of which rests against the body, and the other end against the stop; the knot of connection of wires prevents their extrusion, and the constancy of pressing is supported by a spring washer.

The plug socket for open installation differs from the socket for flush installation by the attachment point and the shape of the cover.

Grounding sockets are designed to power electric stoves and household electrical appliances that require grounding (household air conditioners, etc.). Two holes made in the cover of the socket serve for the working pins of the plug, to which the supply wires are connected, and one hole is for the protective (nulling) pin. The protective pin is longer than the working ones, due to which, when the plug is inserted, the body of the device is first zeroed, and then only it is turned on. When the fork is pulled out, the device is first turned off, and only after that the zeroing of the case is removed.

Wiring switch boxes with socket have become widespread (Fig. 26) due to ease of use.

Wiring devices
Rice. 26. Scheme of connecting the switch block with a socket: 5 - socket terminals; 6 - contact clamps of switches

Structurally, the blocks of switches with a socket are a metal or plastic box in which two or three switches and a socket are mounted; wiring blocks are often installed in the hallway or corridor, used to control the lighting of the bathroom and toilet. The dimensions of the BVR-2 (BVR-3) block box built into the wall are 81x147x28 mm, the BSUZ box dimensions are 190x88x44 mm.

The body of the threaded cartridge is usually made of ceramic or plastic (carbolite). The body contains a threaded sleeve and an insert. Side and central contacts are fixed on the insert. The sleeve, if it is energized, cannot be touched, making the cartridges safe. Suspended, ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted cartridges are available.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

See other articles Section Electric installation work.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Primium Seneca keyboard 05.05.2024

Keyboards are an integral part of our daily computer work. However, one of the main problems that users face is noise, especially in the case of premium models. But with the new Seneca keyboard from Norbauer & Co, that may change. Seneca is not just a keyboard, it is the result of five years of development work to create the ideal device. Every aspect of this keyboard, from acoustic properties to mechanical characteristics, has been carefully considered and balanced. One of the key features of Seneca is its silent stabilizers, which solve the noise problem common to many keyboards. In addition, the keyboard supports various key widths, making it convenient for any user. Although Seneca is not yet available for purchase, it is scheduled for release in late summer. Norbauer & Co's Seneca represents new standards in keyboard design. Her ... >>

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Transcend SSD2,5N 250" NAS Drives 24.04.2021

Transcend has announced the availability of 2,5-inch drives SSD250N series, designed for use in network attached storage (NAS). The devices feature a SATA 6Gb/s interface, use 3D NAND TLC memory chips and, according to the vendor, are "highly rugged, proven stability and guaranteed reliability."

Transcend SSD250N drives will be offered in 1TB and 2TB versions. They are characterized by sequential read speeds up to 560 MB / s, writes up to 480 MB / s and a performance level when working with arbitrary blocks up to 82 thousand / 80 thousand IOPS (read / write). During the 5-year warranty, devices can be written to at least 1000 and 2000 TB of information, respectively.

Among other features of the SSD250N, the manufacturer highlights the wear leveling system and the presence of a DDR3 buffer. The new items will go on sale in the coming weeks. The press service of Transcend does not disclose the recommended cost of drives, but European stores already offer them at a price of 178 euros for a 1TB model and 348 euros for a two-terabyte version.

Other interesting news:

▪ Water tap with silencer

▪ Martian soil will be delivered to Earth

▪ 6-inch 720p smartphone Lava Magnum X604

▪ The fastest water heater in the world

▪ Ultrabook from ASUS

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Civil radio communications. Article selection

▪ article Flowerbed with a fountain. Tips for the home master

▪ article How do elephants live in their herd? Detailed answer

▪ article Leash knot based on a simple knot. Travel Tips

▪ article Anodizing aluminum parts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Butterfly flies from a scarf to her neck. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews