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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Water pump control device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors To equalize pressure in unstable water supply systems, a booster pump is often used, this is especially important for the operation of a gas water heater, which requires water pressure of at least 0,1 MPa (1 kgf / cm2 or approximately 750 mm Hg. Art.). Inexpensive pumps X15G-15 (made in China) are widely used, they successfully cope with their functions. The kit includes a water movement sensor, consisting of a reed switch, a resistor and a triac (Fig. 1). Protection against network interference, unfortunately, is not provided. If the motion sensor does not work (and in order for it to work, a pressure of at least 0,1 MPa is required), manual activation is provided. As a result, during operation, if you manually turn on the pump and, after closing the tap, do not turn it off, the pump burns out very quickly (this most often happens in children and housewives). In addition, such interference comes through the network that the triac can open and remain in this state, and since the taps are closed, the pump also burns out (which happened to me). Finally, even when everything is in order, the pump often works in vain, since the pressure in the water network sometimes rises to the value for which we pay, and there is no need for pumping, but the electric meter is still spinning ...
From all these shortcomings, a freely offered control device for a water boost pump. The combined block diagram of the water supply system in the house (from the input to the consumers - sinks, bathtubs, cistern, etc.) is shown in fig. 2. Here A1 is a faucet, A2 is a water purification filter, A3 is a pump control device, A4 is a modified pressure gauge (its contacts are SA1), A5 is a pump, A6 is a water movement sensor (its state is transmitted by the reed switch SF1), SB1 is a button manual start of the pump. Black triangles show the direction of water movement.
The pressure gauge, which has undergone refinement, is standard at 6 atm. In the photo (Fig. 3) it is shown with the cover and arrow removed. The refinement consisted in introducing a microswitch 4 with a lever 3 into it and selecting its position relative to the pressure gauge mechanism. The microswitch is fixed with two screws on a small fiberglass rotary plate, fixed, in turn, with screw 2 on the board 5. atm.), the cam switched the microswitch to the off state and later (with increasing pressure) slid along its lever 1 without changing the state of the contacts.
The mechanism of the modified pressure gauge is mounted on a fiberglass board 5 and placed in a standard (dimensions 100x100x50 mm) electric box TUSO for open wiring, in the bottom of which a hole was made for the manual start button SB1. All elements of the device are made of plastic and other non-conductive materials, the pressure gauge itself is screwed into the tee after the A2 cleaning filter. Instead of a pressure gauge, you can use the SDU (universal pressure indicator), but it does not have a scale. A schematic diagram of the device, which is, in fact, an electronic switch with phase-pulse control of a triac and a standard line filter, is shown in fig. 4. The electric motor of the pump M1 is connected to the network not directly, but through an electronic key, the functions of which are performed by the triac TC106-10 (VS1). With a positive half-wave of the mains voltage, its operation is controlled by an analogue of a unijunction transistor, assembled on transistors VT1, VT2, and with a negative one, the same device on transistors VT3, VT4. With a positive half-wave, the two-anode zener diode VD3 creates a supply voltage, the plus of which is at point A, and the minus at point B. For this reason, the VD2 diode is closed, the current does not flow through the voltage divider R6R7 and the transistors VT3, VT4 are closed. At the same time, thanks to the R1C1 circuit, when the contacts of the pressure gauge (SA1), water sensor (SF1) or the SB1 (SB2) button are pressed, the voltage on the capacitor C1 at the very beginning of the half-wave quickly exceeds the voltage at the midpoint of the divider R3R4 and the unijunction transistor VT1VT2 opens. In this case, the capacitor is discharged through the control transition of the triac VS1, it opens and connects the pump motor to the network through a two-winding choke L1. In the next half-cycle of the mains voltage, the polarity of the voltage at the zener diode VD3 is reversed, the unijunction transistor VT3VT4 opens, the capacitor C1 is again discharged through the control transition, etc.
If you slightly lower (by 7 ... 10 V) the alternating supply voltage of the pump, it is enough to increase the resistance of the resistor R1, i.e. change the time constant of the circuit (R1 + R2) C1 - the pump motor runs softer and quieter, this does not affect performance . The current consumed by the device does not exceed 5 mA. The triac TS106 (gr. 3, 4 and above) was chosen due to its small size and it is precisely according to this switching scheme that it opens in both directions stably and reliably. Nevertheless, voltage divider resistors must be selected with a small (preferably 5%) permissible deviation from the nominal value. The heat sink for the triac is not required. Instead of TS106-10, you can use domestic KU208V or a suitable imported one. Diodes VD1, VD2 - any low power rectifiers. In the absence of a two-anode zener diode (VD3), two zener diodes with the same stabilization voltage can be switched on counter-series. Capacitor C1 - KM, MBM, KLS, C2, C3 - BMT-2, C4 - film K73-17 with a rated voltage of at least 630 V. Two-winding inductor L1 is wound on a ferrite (2000NM1) ring of size 24x14x10 and contains 2x20 turns of wire PEV- 2 0,8. The details of the device are mounted on a small (40x30 mm) fiberglass board. After installation and testing for performance, it is placed in a matchbox and filled with epoxy resin with the addition of two drops of di-butyl phthalate. It is installed together with a surge protector (it is mounted in a separate TUSO box) near the pump. During installation, the pump housing must be connected to the connection point of the terminals of the capacitors C2, C3 and the ground terminal. If the buttons SB1, SB2 are located at a great distance from the device board, a shielded wire should be used for connections, the braid of which must also be connected to the ground terminal. If desired, another manual start button (SB2 in the diagram) can be mounted in the kitchen by connecting it through a suitable X2 connector in parallel with the SB1 button. Since the parts of the device are galvanically connected to the mains, the case of the additional button must be made of insulating material. The following operating modes are available for the device. Mode 1 The tap is closed, the water movement sensor is off (reed switch SF1 is open), the pressure gauge contacts are closed, the device is off, the pump is off. Mode 2 The tap is open, the pressure in the water supply is normal (3 kgf / cm2), the pressure gauge contacts (SA1) are open, the motion sensor contacts (SF1) are closed, the device is switched off, the pump is switched off. Mode 3 The water pressure dropped and became less than 1 kgf/cm2, but more than 0,1 kgf/cm2. The contacts of the pressure gauge (SA1) and the motion sensor (SF1) are closed, the device is turned on, the pump is turned on and keeps the water motion sensor in the on state, regardless of a further decrease in pressure at the inlet. If the pressure rose and became above 1 kgf / cm2, the device switches to mode 2, and when the tap is closed or the water supply is interrupted, it turns off. Mode 4 The pressure is not enough to turn on the water movement sensor (SF1 is open), the pressure gauge contacts SA1 are closed, the device is turned off, the pump is turned off. To start the water, you must press the button SB1 or SB2 for 4.7 s. If there is water in the system, the device will turn on the pump and switch to mode 3. If water does not flow, check for the presence of it in the water supply system, you cannot hold the button down longer than indicated - this will damage the pump parts. Mode 5 If, for any reason, the water supply is interrupted, and the pump is operating in automatic mode, the contacts SA1 of the pressure gauge remain closed, but the reed switch SF1 of the water movement sensor opens and the device turns off the pump, i.e. the system switches to mode 4. Author: K. Stepanov
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