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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Electronic game room. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur The proposed designs can replenish the game library, which operates in the winter at school, and in the summer - in the schoolchildren's recreation camp. Guess the color The proposed design differs from other devices of a similar purpose in a wider range of possible situations. First, you need to guess not two colors, but three - red, yellow, green. Secondly, the information is displayed by two two-chip LEDs, each of which can glow in one of the mentioned colors or be completely extinguished. Thirdly, a variety of "color" modes - any of the LEDs can either continuously glow in one of the colors, or blink at a frequency of 2 Hz. Fourthly, there is an audible alarm for pressing the start button, which eliminates the "dishonest" game. Such a set of possibilities gives a lot of scope for tireless and unpredictable children's imagination in choosing the plot and conditions of the game. For example, you can compete to see who, in the least number of presses of the "Start" button SB1 (Fig. 1), will set the agreed color combination of LEDs HL1, HL2. You can just guess the color of "your" LED, you can play for color forfeits, you can assign one of the terms of the well-known game "rock-paper-scissors" to each of the three colors and compete, whose LED will "eat" the opponent.
Now you can get acquainted with the operation of the device. To output information, two identical three-pin LEDs with a diameter of 8 mm in a matte diffuse housing are used. Inside such an LED there are two crystals - a red and a green glow. As a result, the LED can glow red, green or yellow. If the supply voltage is applied to both crystals, then green and red colors, mixing, will give a rich yellow color. When you press the SB1 button on the counters DD3.1, DD3.2 from the generator on the elements DD1.1, DD1.2, rectangular pulses begin to arrive at a frequency of about 3 kHz. Since the button contact groups cannot close and open perfectly at the same time, a different number of pulses arrive at both counters. When the button is released, random binary combinations are set at the outputs of the microcircuit. If the binary code on any of the counters is different from zero, then the LED connected to the outputs of "its" counter through emitter followers will glow in one of three colors. To increase the "playability", when the SB2 button is pressed, the LEDs can not only glow continuously, but also blink. The flashing function is implemented on the counter DD4.1 and elements DD1.3, DD1.4, DD2.3, DD2.4. Counting pulses are fed to the input CN from output 2 of the counter DD3.2. With a short press of the SB1 button, the code at the outputs of the counter DD4.1 changes many times. If, after releasing the button, a high level is set at one of the outputs, then the corresponding logic element (DD2.3 or DD2.4) is activated and pulses with a frequency of about 2 Hz from the generator on the elements DD2.1, DD2.2 will pass to its output. This will lead to periodic opening and closing of keys on transistors VT5, VT6 and, of course, to blinking of LEDs HL1, HL2. If both outputs have the specified high counter, both LEDs will flash. To turn off the flashing mode, just press the SB2 button. On the elements DD2.1, DD2.2 and the piezoceramic emitter BF1, a sound signaling device is made. Pulses with a frequency of approximately 700 Hz are supplied to it from output 2 of the counter DD3.2. To increase the sound volume, the emitter is connected in a bridge circuit. The device can be connected to a power supply unit with a DC output voltage of 7...12 V. It is also possible to supply power from a battery of galvanic cells with a voltage of 9 V. "Krona" will not last long. Microcircuits can be replaced with the corresponding analogues from the K564, KR1561 series. Foreign analogues of microcircuits K561LA7 - CD4011, K561IE10 - MC14520. Transistors - any of the series KT312, KT315, KT503, KT3102, SS9013, SS9014, BC548. Capacitor C3 - K50-35 or an imported analogue, the rest - KM-5, KM-6, K10-17a, K10-17b. Resistors - MLT-0,125, VS-0,125. Buttons - PKN, P2K or other small-sized: SB1 - without fixing the position, SB2 - with fixing. Imported matte LEDs of the Kingbright company of the L-799EGW type with a red crystal luminance of 80 mCd and a green crystal of 50 mCd can be replaced with any similar three-pin common-cathode LEDs, for example, KIPD18A-KIPD18M, KIPD37A-KIPD37M, L-93WEGC (diameter 3 mm), L-117EGW (rectangular - 2x5 mm). If there is a choice, it is preferable to use larger LEDs in opaque diffuse packages with a diameter of 8 or 10 mm. In addition to that indicated on the diagram, the piezoceramic emitter can be ZP-3, ZP-5, ZP-22, PVA-1. When mounting parts of the device, one of the blocking capacitors C4, C5 is installed near the DD1 chip, otherwise the sound may be distorted. Unused pins 9, 10, 15 of the DD4 chip should be connected to a common wire. A properly assembled structure usually starts working immediately and does not require adjustment. If desired, the tone of the emitter can be doubled if the inputs of the DD2.1 element are connected to pin 11 of the counter DD3.2. Electronic referee To conduct some mobile or electronic games focused on the speed of reaction (such as "Who is faster"), a referee is needed who would give signals for action at random intervals. In the absence of such an opportunity, the function of the judge can be assigned to an electronic machine assembled according to the scheme shown in Fig. 2.
The machine works like this. After the supply voltage is applied, the blinking LEDs HL1-HL4 start flashing. When one of them goes out, the corresponding input of the inverting element 4I-NOT DD1 is a low logic level, and when it lights up, it is high. Since LEDs have a technological spread, the frequency of their flashes is not the same. This leads to a non-synchronous change of states at pins 2 - 5, and also to the fact that the DD1 output (pin 1) is high most of the time. As soon as a high level appears at all input terminals DD1.1, at least for a short time, a low-level pulse is set at the output of the element, which will start the waiting multivibrator on the elements DD1.2, DD1.3. The low level at the output of DD1.2 will change to a high one, as a result of which the piezoelectric sound emitter with a built-in generator BF1 will turn on and the HL5 LED will light up. The duration of the sound and light signals is determined by the parameters of the timing chain R7C3 and is about 0,5 s. The presence of the VD1R5 circuit prevents repeated operation of the waiting multivibrator. Buttons SB1, SB2, if necessary, you can turn off the sound or light alarm. A short pulse of negative polarity is removed from the output of the DD1.3 inverter and used to synchronize or reset the state of an electronic toy built on CMOS chips and powered by the same power source. If the toy is assembled using TTL chips, you will need to match the CMOS-TTL levels, for example, by turning on the K176PUZ chip or a transistor switch. If necessary, receive a pulse of positive polarity, it is removed from the output of the element DD1.2. Based on the fact that flashing LEDs are relatively expensive, with only occasional use of the "electronic judge" it is advisable to assign one more function to it, say, a light machine. To do this, the device must be supplemented with four transistor switches and the corresponding number of ordinary LEDs (Fig. 3).
The input of each key is connected to one of the connection points of the LEDs HL1-HL4 and resistors R1-R4. In this case, the LEDs of the "own" transistor will flash synchronously with the blinking LED to which the key input is connected. The subjective perception of the created light pattern will smoothly flow from chaotic inclusion to the effect of "running lights" with a change of direction. The number of LEDs in each chain can be increased to three. In case of difficulties in acquiring the indicated sound emitter, it can be replaced with a simple unit (Fig. 4), which is a slightly modified relaxation RL generator described in D. Priymak's article in the collection "To Help the Radio Amateur", no. 106, p. 74-79. - M.: DOSAAF, 1990. A tuned resistor R2 achieves stable generation. The membrane of the dynamic head BA1 should not experience mechanical or acoustic resistance, i.e. the generator will not work if the head is placed on the table with the diffuser down.
The K176LP12 microcircuit does not have full analogues in other CMOS series, but it can be replaced by the K561LA8 microcircuit (K176LA8, KR1561LA8) containing 2 4I-NOT elements (the pinout is the same), and for the missing DD1.3 inverter, use one of the logic elements of the K561LA7, K561LA8 microcircuits and others. The remaining free inverters of these microcircuits can be used to build other nodes. It should be remembered that CMOS chips should not have unconnected inputs - they should be connected to a common wire. KT315B transistors are interchangeable with any of the KT315, KT503, KT3102, KT3117, SS9013 series; MP25B - any of the MP25, MP26, GT402, GT321, ACY33, AD169 series; MP36A - any of the MP35-MP38, AS183, AS185 series. In place of VD1, a low-power silicon diode of the KD512, KD521, KD522, 1N4148 series can work. Capacitor C4 - K50-16, K50-35, the rest - ceramic, film types K10-17, KM-5, KM-6, K73-17 (63 V) or imported small-sized ones. Resistors - MLT, S1-4, S2-23. It is permissible to use flashing LEDs of the types L-56BID, L-56BGD, L-796BGD, etc. It is advisable to install LEDs of different types, which will increase the randomness of the device command signals. The HL5 LED, as well as the LEDs in the nodes according to the diagram in Fig. 3, you can use any of the series KIPD35, KIPD36, KIPD40, AL307, etc. It is preferable to choose larger ones, and install a red LED in place of HL5. "Tweeter" BF1 - any piezoelectric or electrodynamic system. In addition to that indicated in the diagram, the dynamic head can be 0,1GD-17. Buttons SB1, SB2 - PKN, P2K with position fixing. The machine emits short beeps at random intervals, usually 2-10 per minute. If you need a larger number of operations for a fixed period of time, you can use an additionally installed latching button to disconnect one of the resistors R1-R4 from the common wire. The design operates from a power supply with an output voltage of 8 ... 9,5 V. If it is powered by a battery of galvanic cells with a voltage of 9 V, it is advisable to install resistors R1 - R4 with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm, which will reduce the current consumption. True, the brightness of flashes of flashing LEDs will decrease. In pursuit of increasing the brightness of the LEDs, you should not install the specified resistors with a resistance of less than 1 kOhm, since this will increase the voltage drop across the lit LED, and a high level may not be enough to switch the DD1.1 element. When assembling the structure, it is necessary to follow the rules for working with MOS devices. When soldering and replacing parts, you must disconnect both wires from the power source. This simple precaution will prevent chip damage or degradation. Author: A.Butov, village of Kurba, Yaroslavl region
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