Layered electrically insulating plastics. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Layered electrically insulating plastics. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners

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Laminated plastics - materials consisting of alternating layers of sheet filler (paper or fabric) and a binder.

The most important of the layered electrically insulating plastics are getinaks, textolite and fiberglass. They consist of sheet fillers arranged in layers, and bakelite, epoxy, organosilicon resins and their compositions are used as a binder.

As fillers, special grades of impregnating paper (in getinax), cotton fabrics (in textolite) and alkali-free glass fabrics (in fiberglass) are used. The listed fillers are first impregnated with bakelite or silicone varnishes, dried and cut into sheets of a certain size. Prepared sheet fillers are collected in packages of a given thickness and subjected to hot pressing, during which individual sheets are firmly connected to each other with the help of resins.

Getinaks and textolite are resistant to mineral oils, therefore they are widely used in oil-filled electrical appliances and transformers.

The cheapest laminate is wood-laminated plastic (delta wood). It is obtained by hot pressing thin sheets of birch veneer, pre-impregnated with bakelite resins. Delta wood is used for the manufacture of power structural and electrical insulating parts operating in oil. For outdoor use, this material needs careful protection from moisture.

Asbestos textolite is a layered electrically insulating plastic obtained by hot pressing sheets of asbestos fabric, pre-impregnated with bakelite resin. It is produced in the form of shaped products, as well as in the form of sheets and plates with a thickness of 6 to 60 mm.

Asbogetinax is a laminated plastic obtained by hot pressing sheets of asbestos paper containing 20% sulfate cellulose or asbestos paper without cellulose, impregnated with an epoxy-phenol-formaldehyde binder.

Of the considered layered electrical insulating materials, fiberglass laminates based on organosilicon and epoxy binders have the highest heat resistance, the best electrical and mechanical characteristics, increased moisture resistance and resistance to fungal mold.

Author: Smirnova L.N.

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