Fluorescent lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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In the production of fluorescent lamps, instead of flasks, glass tubes are used, coated from the inside with a phosphor. At both ends of the tube there are tungsten spirals soldered into the tube. The spirals are coated with a special oxide paste, which allows the electrons to leave the spirals. Inside the glass tube is filled with mercury vapor and argon. The length and diameter of the tube depends on the voltage and power of the lamp.
In addition, the lamp has a starter, which is an ionic relay, made in the form of two electrodes, sealed in a bulb filled with neon. One of the starter electrodes is a bimetallic plate.
After the lamp is connected to the network, a discharge occurs between the starter electrodes, which heats the bimetallic plate. When heated, it bends and closes the second contact.
The current passing through the circuit heats the electrodes of the lamp to a temperature of 800-1000 ° C. At this moment, the bimetallic plate cools down, straightens, and the circuit opens.
In order for a large self-induction EMF to occur between the electrodes at the moment of opening the circuit, creating an electric discharge in argon and mercury vapor, a choke is used.
But for all its usefulness, the choke lowers the efficiency of the lamp. In order to avoid this, a capacitor with a capacity of 4 to 8 microfarads is used. At the same time, the efficiency increases to 95%.
To cancel interference in radio equipment that occurs in connection with the operation of a fluorescent lamp, a 0,06 μF capacitor is included in the electrical circuit (in parallel with the starter). Fluorescent lamps are designed for voltage 220 V with a power of 30, 40, 80 and 125 watts.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
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