Ignition system with a new way of fuel ignition. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Ignition

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The problem of environmental pollution, which arose along with civilization and escalates as it develops, requires more and more attention at the present time. This is due to the fact that humanity continues to use the most accessible and cheap sources as energy carriers, i.e. hydrocarbon fuel.

Recently, it has become clear that cars are the biggest contributor to air pollution. This is especially true for big cities. In addition to the relatively harmless carbon dioxide (the greenhouse effect is not considered yet), internal combustion engines emit a number of chemical compounds into the atmosphere, the presence of which in exhaust gases cannot be controlled by gas analyzers currently used.

After all, the engine combustion chamber is a high-temperature chemical reactor filled with such reagents as nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, lead, oxygen, sulfur and others.

Catalytic converters are widely used abroad, using the property of platinum group metals (platinum, rhodium, palladium, etc.) to promote additional oxidation (afterburning) in the exhaust pipe of everything that did not have time to burn out in the combustion chamber. True, they are short-lived, but are quite expensive (about 10% of the cost of the car). But the question remains, what to do with our not very "young" car park, which will still be operated for an incomprehensible amount of time. The following way out of this situation is possible. It is necessary to develop an ignition system that can, if possible, burn everything in the combustion chamber, in addition to increasing the efficiency of the engine due to this.

The task of more complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engines was solved to a certain extent with the help of an ignition system, the operation of which is based on a new method of fuel ignition [1, 2].

Oddly enough, modern air-fuel ignition systems used in popular car brands are based on the same ignition method as at the beginning of the motoring era. This is a spark discharge between the electrodes of the spark plug. The description of the processes occurring at the moment of ignition of the fuel-air mixture and the combustion process itself are accompanied in the literature, as a rule, by references to the absence of a unified theoretical model of this process and various explanations of it by different authors. It is known that the efficiency of an internal combustion engine depends on the temperature of the gases in the combustion chamber, which in turn depends on the rate of combustion of the fuel-air mixture. Accordingly, with an increase in this speed, the efficiency of the engine increases and, as a result, the specific fuel consumption decreases.

When developing a new ignition system, it was assumed that it is possible to increase the rate of combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber by weakening the effect of "lacing" the plasma formed between the spark plug electrodes due to the flow of direct current in the spark gap. The current in this case is maintained by the energy stored in the ignition coil. The new system uses the principle of energy storage in a capacitor, which provides a bipolar pulsed current in the spark plug gap.

During the first period of voltage fluctuations on the electrodes of the candle, the mixture is prepared and ignited, and during subsequent periods, it is burned. Figure 1 shows a graph of voltage changes at the electrodes of the candle. In the last two periods, the voltage pulses have a shape close to rectangular.

Ris.1

The scheme of electronic ignition is shown in Fig.2. It works in the following way. Capacitors C5 ... C7 are charged from the secondary winding of the converter on the transistor VT1 to a voltage significantly higher than the EMF of the battery. When the contact of the interrupter, connected between the points PR and M, is opened, a current pulse generated by the RC circuit R8, R1, R2, C5 passes through the control electrode of the thyristor VD1. The thyristor opens, and the oscillatory discharge of capacitors begins through the primary winding of the ignition coil connected to the short circuit point. During the first half-cycle, the current flows through the thyristor, and during the second - through the diodes VD9, VD10.

Ris.2

The process is repeated until the capacitor C4 is charged to a voltage at which the key on the transistor VT2 opens, which prevents the thyristor from firing again. After the breaker contact is closed, the residual voltage of the capacitor C4 is applied to the control junction of the thyristor and securely locks it. In this case, the capacitor C4 is discharged through the resistor R3 and the diode VD4, however, the key VT2 remains open for some time after the contact is closed, which prevents accidental unlocking of the thyristor due to the bounce of the breaker contacts.

In the case of using a switch in an ignition system with a Hall sensor, the latter directly controls the operation of the key. The processes occurring in this case in the circuit are similar to those described above.

The proposed ignition scheme makes it possible to apply voltage to the electrodes of the spark plugs, the polarity of which changes during one cycle of the engine. The selection of elements of the control circuit ensures the optimal duration of the discharge in the candle.

The use of the described method of ignition makes it possible to increase the fuel efficiency of the engine, its power and throttle response, reduce the content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases and increase the life of spark plugs.

Ris.3

The connection diagram of the developed block (OH-427) to the car ignition system is shown in Figures 3 and 4. When connecting and disconnecting the block, the ignition must be turned off, and the "Mass" ("-") terminal must be disconnected from the battery. The electronic ignition unit, made according to this scheme, was tested on trucks and compared with various regular ignition systems.

Ris.4

GAZ-52 cars with a classic contact system and GAZ-53 with a more advanced transistor system and an induction ignition sensor were chosen. The tests were carried out according to the methodology developed by NPMP Vitar. The test results of the developed unit are shown in Fig.5.

Ris.5

An analysis of the results indicates the effectiveness of the developed device and suggests that the nature of the processes occurring during the ignition of the fuel-air mixture to some extent corresponds to those described.

Literature

1. RF patent N2056521. A method for igniting a fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine and a switch for its implementation.
2. Patent of the Republic of Belarus N1429. A method for igniting a fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine and a switch for its implementation.
3. Ignition system unit OH-427. The passport. - JSC "MNIPI", Minsk.

Author: V. Shcherbatyuk, Minsk; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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