Replacing an electret microphone. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Replacing an electret microphone. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Microphones, radio microphones

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Replacement of the electret microphone

When repeating some foreign schemes, the problem often arises of replacing an electret (condenser) microphone with a conventional dynamic one. As can be seen from the diagram, a cascade on a single transistor allows you to successfully cope with this.

See other articles Section Microphones, radio microphones.

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Smart bracelet will track the composition of sweat 07.02.2016

The new portable sweat analyzer can detect four types of chemicals at once and measure body temperature at the same time.

Our visit to the doctor most often begins with a blood test. No doubt, blood is an excellent indicator of the state of health, and the further, the more diseases can be recognized by the composition of various cells and molecules floating in the bloodstream.

But we have another biological fluid in which a lot of biochemical information can also be found - this is sweat. In addition to water and simple ions, it also contains complex biomolecules, up to proteins, and even now sweat analysis allows diagnosing certain diseases, finding out what substances a person has taken, choosing a convenient exercise regimen, etc. In addition, sweat has one important advantage - for it you do not need to poke something sharp into a finger or a vein. However, until now, in order to make an analysis of sweat, it had to be collected in a special container in order to then give it to a specialist.

With a new device developed by the staff of the University of California at Berkeley, everything will become faster and easier - Wei Gao (Wei Gao) and colleagues have created an electronic analyzer that can be worn on the arm like a bracelet, and which measures body temperature and the chemical composition of sweat in real time . The electronic bracelet is able to determine the amount of sodium and potassium ions, as well as glucose and lactic acid (lactate), and the received data is immediately transmitted to the smartphone.

By themselves, portable sweat analyzers are not new for a long time, but other similar devices can only monitor one substance, one molecule. If we have several sensors at once, this increases the reliability of information: for example, if the level of an ion has dropped sharply, then by other parameters you can tell exactly what the matter is: is it the ion itself, or is it that sweating has stopped, or our gadget just broke.

Obviously, the smart bracelet will be in particular demand among those involved in sports: by the concentration of ions, you can - even without getting off the simulator - understand whether you should take a break and drink water to prevent dehydration and muscle spasm, temperature tracking will prevent overheating , and lactic acid levels may indicate poor circulation. But, of course, such a device will also be useful for general medical purposes, especially if its authors manage, as they plan, to increase the number of molecules that their gadget can detect.

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