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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Simple electronic push button volume control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Tone, volume controls

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The controller works similarly to digital volume controllers, it remembers the volume level after the power is turned off, its current consumption (only when the "-" button is pressed) is not more than 0,5 mA.

Simple electronic push button volume control

Simple electronic push button volume control

The BS170 transistor can be replaced with KP501 or KP504. It is advisable to take a capacitor with a low leakage current (105 degrees).

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Random news from the Archive

Ultrasonic lenses 01.11.2004

This seems to be a trick of a magician: a disk of transparent material, enclosed in a metal frame, suddenly, while maintaining the plane-parallel sides, turns into a collecting or diverging lens.

The secret of flat lenses developed in one of the laboratories of Triton Systems (USA) lies in ultrasound. Piezoelectric ultrasound emitters are enclosed in a frame around a transparent silicon rubber disc. Passing through the rubber, ultrasound waves either slightly push the molecules apart, or compress them, making the material either more rarefied or denser. Dense areas refract light more.

The frequency and phase of the emitters in the frame on the sides of the disk can be chosen such that due to the interference of waves in the center of the disk, a stable region with a reduced density is formed, and hence with a reduced refractive index of light. A flat transparent disk turns into a diverging lens.

So far, the successes of researchers are small - only the central zone with a diameter of several millimeters changes its optical properties. But in the future, heavy and long lenses with a variable focal length can be replaced by a flat transparent plate controlled by electronics.

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