Antenna adapter to improve the efficiency of wireless networks. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Antennas. Measurements, adjustment, coordination

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Wireless technologies are often used to provide increased comfort for users or where the installation of wired networks is difficult, impossible, or economically unprofitable. Devices for wireless technologies for transmitting and receiving information are a direction in the development of telecommunications, which is emphasized today. This is confirmed by the emergence of many technical solutions that ensure the operation of wireless communication systems - both individual elements and means, and networks as a whole. In the most difficult places of their deployment, the communication of devices over the air is often difficult, so additional measures are required to ensure the normal operation of the network. In places of intense radio emission, it is also necessary to protect users from excessive exposure to the electromagnetic field. During the operation of wireless networks indoors, a significant part of the signal energy is absorbed and re-reflected by the walls. Especially strong absorption and deformation of the electromagnetic field occur in reinforced concrete buildings.

In the system of functioning of such networks, the most important direction is to ensure electromagnetic accessibility at any point. The solution to one of the many problems in this direction can be the formation of radiation patterns of receiving and transmitting antennas in relation to the specific conditions of their placement and propagation of electromagnetic waves.

One of the possible solutions to this problem by simple means is described in the article [1]. It proposes a nozzle from improvised materials on a single active vibrator - a standard Wi-Fi access point antenna - turning it into a multi-element Uda-Yaga antenna. This made it possible to concentrate the signal in the right direction. Following this path, you can create home-made antennas with properties comparable to the parameters of branded expensive samples.

However, it should be noted that a patent for a utility model [2] was issued a little earlier, which describes a similar design. The patented solution is also based on the idea of ​​supplementing a single active vibrator with several passive ones, which makes it possible to control the radiation pattern. According to the patent, the reflector and directors are placed on separate traverses and fastened to the active vibrator using ferrules. This provides the possibility of their separate installation at different angles to the general direction.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

On fig. 1 shows a sketch of an antenna design similar to that proposed in [1], but with a reduced number of passive vibrators. Its main parameters and radiation pattern are shown in fig. 2. When two director structures are attached to the active vibrator, as shown in fig. 3, depending on the angle a between them, the radiation pattern and the main parameters will change, as shown in Fig. 4. In fig. 5 shows an antenna in which the number of director structures is increased to three with the central director structure axially placed. Its radiation pattern and main parameters are shown in fig. 6.

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

The technical solution, protected by a utility model patent [3], is an antenna adapter-transformer, available for self-manufacturing by radio amateurs both for themselves and for friends.

It contains a system of passive vibrators: a reflector with a length of 66 mm and five directors with a length of 55 mm with a device for mounting on an omnidirectional dipole antenna with a length of 61 mm.

The fastening device is made in the form of a dielectric tubular nozzle, covering the active vibrator, with dielectric plates extending radially from it to accommodate passive vibrators. In this case, the angle between two identical dielectric plates can be changed from almost zero to maximum.

At the locations of the directors, the plates are connected by kink nodes. This allows simultaneously changing the angular position of the director structures to change the distance between the central director (located in the direction of maximum radiation) and the active vibrator.

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

On fig. 7, the antenna with the adapter is shown in the position where the distance between the active vibrator and the central director is minimal (directivity pattern in Fig. 8). On fig. 9 (diagram in Fig. 10) this distance is maximum. If the director structures are separated to the maximum angle (Fig. 11), the radiation pattern takes the form shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

The ease of implementation of one of the possible ways of manufacturing such an adapter is that the nozzle is cut out of thick paper. Suitable, for example, drawing paper. A variant of the pattern is shown in fig. 13. In the places marked with dashed lines, bends are made in the workpiece and directors made of copper wire with a diameter of 0,5 mm are attached with adhesive tape. Sections A are glued together, and a reflector of the same wire is fixed with adhesive tape on their end. From sections B, limited by dash-dotted lines, a tube is formed, which is put on an active reflector. The length of these sections S must correspond to half the circumference of the active vibrator. For a more durable fastening, you can tightly put a specially made paper tube on the active vibrator, and glue sections B of the holder of passive vibrators to it.

Fig. 13

Literature

1. Goncharenko I. Focusing nozzle on the Wi-Fi antenna of the router. - Radio, 2013, No. 2, p. 59.
2. Milkin V., Kalitenkov N., Sedykh P., Mezentseva N., Lupandin V. Wi-fi antenna adapter. Utility model patent No. 116277 dated May 20.05.2012, 207058. - URL: bankpatentov.ru/node/XNUMX.
3. Shulzhenko A., Lebedev V., Kalitenkov N., Milkin V. Transformer adapter with external antenna for 3g, 4g, lte, wi-fi. Utility model patent No. 135851 dated 20.12.2013/13/135851.- URL: poleznayamodel.ru/model/XNUMX/XNUMX.html.

Authors: N. Kalitenkov, V. Lebedev, V. Milkin, A. Shulzhenko

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