Instruments for determining wind parameters. Scheme, description

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

Wind power installations. Instruments for determining wind parameters. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

Comments on the article

To make measurements, a hydrometeorological station must be equipped with meteorological and other auxiliary equipment in accordance with the observation program and the equipment list of hydrometeorological stations.

For the production of meteorological measurements, it is allowed to use only those meteorological instruments that are indicated in the Manual as measuring instruments; technical measuring instruments replacing them should be recommended for hydrometeorological stations by the Central Methodological Commission for Instruments and Methods of Measurement of the State Committee for Hydrometeorology.

The new (replacement) technical means must be accompanied by Methodological Instructions drawn up in accordance with the structure of the Manual for hydrometeorological stations and posts.

1) Anemograph (from the Greek anemos - wind and grapho - I write), an anemorumbograph (Fig. 4.1) is a meteorological instrument for continuous automatic recording of the speed and direction (rumba) of the wind. The principle of operation of the anemograph is based on the conversion of wind speed into electric current by means of a measuring bridge consisting of wire resistances. The anemograph allows you to determine and record the wind speed with an error of 0,5 -1 m/s. To determine the direction of the wind, a weather vane is used, which can record the speed of the wind.

Wind power installations. Instruments for determining wind parameters
Fig.4.1. Receiving part of a multicup anemograph

2) Anemometer (from Greek anemos - wind and metreo - I measure) - a device for measuring wind speed and gas flows.

The main types of anemometer: vane, used in pipes and ducts of ventilation systems to measure the speed of directed air flow Fig.4.2; cup - to determine the average (for a certain period of time) wind speed Fig.4.3; manometric - to determine the instantaneous wind speed. An automatic anemometer with a signaling device is also used to determine the speed and duration of gusts that are dangerous to the combined effect and to turn on the corresponding emergency devices. Measurement error 0,05 - 0,1 m/s. Anemographs are used to continuously record wind speed and direction.

Wind power installations. Instruments for determining wind parameters
Fig.4.2. Vane anemometer with mill

Wind power installations. Instruments for determining wind parameters
Fig.4.3. Hand-held cup anemometer with spinner

3) Anemorumbometer, wind meter - a meteorological instrument for measuring the speed and direction (rhumba) of the wind Fig.4.4. An electrical and electromechanical remote anemorumbometer measures the average, current and maximum speed and wind direction. Anemographs (anemorumbographs) are used to record measurements.

Wind power installations. Instruments for determining wind parameters
Fig.4.4. Anemorumbometer wind collector

Measurement of wind characteristics. When observing at meteorological stations, the wind is understood only as the horizontal component of the wind speed vector, and when determining the average values, the speed and direction are averaged separately (the angle relative to the geographic meridian from which the vector is directed). Wind speed measurement at stations is based on the use of a rotating anemometer with automatic determination of the average and maximum wind speed; the measurement of wind direction is determined by the position of the wind vane, which is installed in the stream under the action of the air stream itself.

At some stations, it is allowed to use a weather vane with a flat plate to measure wind speed - a board that deviates under the influence of the flow by an angle proportional to the flow speed (the plate is oriented in the flow with the help of a weather vane).

Author: Magomedov A.M.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Battery on gastric juice 11.02.2017

The device, developed by Giovanni Traverso and his colleagues, is a tiny microphone in a silicone capsule that listens to a person from the inside and transmits the heard sounds wirelessly to an electronic processing device from the outside. Such a sensor can indeed report some problems in the body, as soon as they begin and before they turn into something clinically serious. The service life of the capsule is one or two days, and the signal transmission distance does not exceed 3m yet, but one day of continuous observation is already good, and the transmission distance does not seem to be such a big problem if, say, an ordinary smartphone can receive the signal, who then himself will pass it on even further.

However, the operating time of such devices can be extended if they are provided with some more "long-lasting" energy source. A conventional battery, from which the sensor operates, is discharged relatively quickly, and, moreover, is potentially unsafe. However, researchers have found a way to replace it. They used the same idea that underlies the "lemon battery": it is known that if two electrodes are inserted into a lemon, then due to citric acid, an electric current will appear between them. The stomach is quite acidic, so why not use it as a source of nutrition? Zinc and copper electrodes were attached to the microelectronic capsule - and the current started: the electrons from the zinc went into an acidic environment and closed the galvanic circuit.

The method was tested on a "swallowed thermometer": a capsule with a thermosensor was fed to a pig, and then a signal from the transmitter was recorded, which came at a frequency of 900 MHz. While the "thermometer" was in the stomach, where there is a lot of acid, the signal came every 12 seconds and spread over a distance of two meters. When the capsule traveled naturally from the stomach to the small intestine, where the acidity is no longer as high, the device's power dropped to 1/100 of what was in the stomach, but this was still enough to measure the temperature inside and transmit information to the outside, albeit not so often.

So far, the dimensions of such a sensor capable of working "from the stomach" are quite large - 40 mm in length and 12 mm in diameter - however, the authors of the work have no doubt that they will be able to make it even smaller, while providing it with additional sensor systems.

Other interesting news:

▪ The smallest flashlight

▪ An energy explosion has been recorded in the Earth's magnetosphere for the first time

▪ Philips Hue Secure series cameras and sensors

▪ N-trig and NVIDIA to improve touch input in mobile devices

▪ Infineon IRS200S Half-Bridge 2007V MOSFET Driver

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Low frequency amplifiers. Article selection

▪ article The morning greets us with coolness. Popular expression

▪ article What is the difference between American whiskey and Scotch? Detailed answer

▪ article Port node. Travel Tips

▪ article Active Antenna. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Removing paint from an etched board. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews