The use of solar modules. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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A solar module is a battery of interconnected solar cells enclosed under a glass cover. The more intense the light falling on the photocells and the larger their area, the more electricity is generated and the greater the current strength. Modules are classified by peak power in watts (Wp). Watt is a unit of measure for power. One peak watt is a technical characteristic that indicates the value of the power of the installation under certain conditions, i.e. when solar radiation of 1 kW/m2 falls on the element at a temperature of 25°C.
This intensity is achieved under good weather conditions and the Sun at its zenith. One 10 x 10 cm cell is needed to produce one peak watt. Larger modules, 1 m x 40 cm, produce about 40-50 Wh. However, solar illumination rarely reaches 1 kW/m2. Moreover, in the sun the module heats up much higher than the nominal temperature. Both of these factors reduce the performance of the module.
Under typical conditions, the average performance is about 6 Wh per day and 2000 Wh per year per 1 Wh. 5 Wh is the amount of energy consumed by a 50 W light bulb for 6 minutes (50 W x 0,1 h = 5 W h) or a portable radio for an hour (5 W x 1 h = 5 W h) .
Although product quality is not always the same, most international companies produce fairly reliable photovoltaic modules with a service life of up to 20 years. To date, module manufacturers guarantee the specified power for a period of up to 10 years.
The decisive criterion for comparing different types of modules is the price of 1 watt of peak power. In other words, you can get more power for the same money using a $569 module with 120 Wp peak power ($4,74 per 1 Wp) than with a "cheap" 90 Wp module that costs $489 (5,43. $1 for XNUMX Wp). Rated efficiency is less important when choosing a system.
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