Solar collectors. Solar cooling. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. Solar cooling. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The global demand for energy for air conditioning and refrigeration is increasing. This is not only due to the increasing need for comfort in developed countries, but also due to the need to store food and medical supplies in warm climate regions, especially in third world countries.

There are three main active cooling methods. First of all, the use of electric compressors, which are today the standard cooling device in Europe. Secondly, the use of absorption air conditioners driven by thermal energy. Both types are used for air conditioning, i.e. cooling water up to 5°C, and freezing below 0°C. There is a third possibility for air conditioning - evaporative cooling. All systems can be powered by solar energy, their additional advantage is the use of absolutely safe working fluids: plain water, saline or ammonia. Possible applications of this technology are not only air conditioning, but also refrigeration for food storage, etc.

The widespread use of compressors leads to an increase in peak electricity demand in the summer, which in some southern countries reaches the maximum load in the electricity supply system. Since most of the electricity

produced by burning fossil fuels, CO2 emissions increase, and this is unacceptable. A more advanced approach is to use solar energy from thermal collectors to power air conditioning systems. This idea is attractive because the required cooling capacity correlates with the amount of solar radiation.

In principle, compressors can be powered by solar energy (using electricity from photovoltaic panels). More promising are absorption coolers that use the heat of solar collectors, since their use leads to the use of environmentally friendly coolers and an increase in the market for solar collectors. There are more absorption coolers on the market today than evaporative cooling systems. Moreover, absorption chillers can be used to retrofit standard air conditioning systems that use chilled water.

In Kuwait, where air conditioning is essential in residential as well as industrial and public buildings, the use of solar energy for air conditioning generated the most intense interest in the 70s and 80s. The main attention of the developers was attracted by the conversion of traditional steam coolers for use with water heated by the Sun to a temperature of about 100°C. Photovoltaic systems have also been considered, which produce the electricity needed to run a conventional compression air conditioner.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

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