Solar collectors. Pool heating. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. Pool heating. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Brief description of pool heating systems

Water heating systems for swimming pools are a very useful investment. The US Department of Energy has found that swimming pools across the country consume a tremendous amount of energy and has recognized pool heating as one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce energy consumption. In the US and Europe, solar pool heaters are almost universally used. In the United States alone, over 200000 swimming pools are heated by solar energy. The oldest of these systems have been in operation for over 25 years and have proven to be economical, highly reliable and require minimal maintenance. It is important to note that they work well and save money during the bathing season even in northern climates. There are solar systems for indoor pools, as well as large urban and commercial pools.

Although the cost of such an installation varies depending on the size of the pool and other specific conditions, if solar systems are installed to reduce or eliminate fuel or electricity consumption, they will pay for themselves in two to four years in energy savings. Moreover, pool heating allows you to extend the swimming season for several weeks at no additional cost.

In most buildings, it is not difficult to arrange a solar heater for the pool. It can be reduced to a simple black hose through which water is supplied to the pool. For outdoor pools, you only need to install an absorber. Indoor pools require the installation of standard manifolds to provide warm water in the winter as well.

Although the collectors are most often installed on the roof, any place that receives sunlight for most of the day is suitable for this. The type of roof and the materials from which it is made do not matter. The area of collectors for a given pool is calculated based on the area of the pool itself. The correct ratio of pool area to solar collector area will vary depending on factors such as its location, orientation relative to the Sun, the amount of shade that falls on the pool and collector, and the desired length of the bathing season. However, in general, the collector area is usually 50-100% of the basin surface.

Устройство

For swimming pool heating, a low-temperature manifold can be directly connected to the filtration system. In some cases, an additional pump or a slightly more powerful pump for the filtration system may be needed. The most efficient modern systems include an automatic diverter valve. The filter system of the pool is configured to work during the most intense sunlight. During this time, if the sensors determine that sufficient heat is being supplied to the collector, they will instruct the automatic diverter valve to direct the flow of water from the pool through the solar collector, where it is heated. The water heated in this way returns to the pool. When the collector cools down, water does not run through it. Thus, in many systems, almost no moving parts are dispensed with, thereby minimizing maintenance and repair costs. Additional precautions are required to prevent corrosion in the collectors, as water is a rather corrosive medium. Possible solutions: use of low-temperature collectors, making them from plastic.

Placement

The solar heater is easy to remove from view by placing it, for example, on the roof. However, basic design rules must be observed. The location must be level or have a slight slope (no more than 30 degrees from the horizontal), the return pipeline must be located higher than the water supply pipes, and all hoses should gradually rise relative to each other so that all air is forced out of them during operation . Both the non-return valve and the bleed valves must be placed more than 1 meter above the pool water level to prevent backflow into the pool and flattening of the hoses when the manifold discharges water at the end of each operating cycle. All plumbing to the pool filtration system must be connected after the filter but before any existing conventional heater to avoid overpressurizing the system.

Care and maintenance

The simplicity of solar pool heating systems means minimal maintenance and operation requirements. In fact, in most cases no further action is required other than the usual filter cleaning and winterization. For the winter, water is drained from the system; however, sometimes this is not required if the system does it automatically. Solar heating equipment is so simple that many collector manufacturers offer warranties on their products that last much longer than those on cars and household appliances.

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