Solar collectors. Concentrators. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

Solar collectors. Concentrators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Focusing collectors (concentrators) use mirror surfaces to concentrate solar energy on an absorber, also called a "heat sink". They reach temperatures much higher than flat-plate collectors, but they can only concentrate direct solar radiation, resulting in poor performance in foggy or cloudy weather.

The mirror surface focuses sunlight reflected from a large surface onto a smaller surface of the absorber, thereby achieving a high temperature. In some models, solar radiation is concentrated at a focal point, while in others, the sun's rays are concentrated along a thin focal line. The receiver is located at the focal point or along the focal line. The heat transfer fluid passes through the receiver and absorbs heat. Such collectors-concentrators are most suitable for regions with high insolation - close to the equator and in desert areas.

Hubs work best when they are facing directly towards the sun. To do this, tracking devices are used, which during the day turn the collector "face" to the Sun. Single-axis trackers rotate from east to west; biaxial - from east to west and from north to south (to follow the movement of the Sun across the sky during the year). Hubs are mainly used in industrial installations because they are expensive and the tracking devices need constant maintenance.

Some residential solar power systems use parabolic concentrators. These units are used for hot water supply, heating and water purification. In domestic systems, single-axis tracking devices are mainly used - they are cheaper and simpler than biaxial ones. More information about concentrators can be found in the chapter on solar thermal power plants.

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Football against diabetes and hypertension 12.06.2013

Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have published the results of their sensational study - it turns out that football training improves the health of patients with type XNUMX diabetes. As a result of regular training, the work of the heart improves, blood pressure decreases and endurance to physical exertion increases. It's amazing, but doing other sports does not allow you to achieve such results.

The men who participated in the experiment, aged 37 to 60, were sick with type 23 diabetes and were able to significantly improve their health by regularly playing football in the company of friends. Scientists say that simple training games in a small area and with a small number of players are enough to get positive changes. After three months of such training, the researchers noted in patients a significant strengthening of the heart muscles and an increase in the maximum heart rate by 12%. This means that in just 10 weeks of training, the heart looked XNUMX years younger.

In addition to improving heart function, scientists noted a decrease in blood pressure. So, at the beginning of the experiment, 60% of patients had problems with high blood pressure and regularly took medication to help control the condition. However, exercise helped reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 8 mm Hg. Art. Thus, in some cases, there is no need to take medication.

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Researchers note that improving heart function and normalizing blood pressure help minimize the risk of developing other diseases that accompany diabetes.

One of the curators of the study, Professor Jens Bangsbo (Jens Bangsbo) noted that football, like no other sport, has great potential to help people with diabetes. It is especially important, he noted, that the participants in the experiment, even after the end of the study, decided to continue playing football, which means that they really feel better.

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