History of solar energy. Scheme, description

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

History of solar energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

Comments on the article

Historically, building design has been influenced by local climatic conditions and the availability of building materials. Later, humanity separated itself from nature, following the path of domination and control over it. This path led to the same type of building style for almost any area.

In 100 A.D. e. the historian Pliny the Younger built a summer house in Northern Italy, one of the rooms of which had windows made of thin mica. The room was warmer than the others and needed less wood to heat it. In the famous Roman baths in I - IV Art. n. e. large south-facing windows were specially installed in order to allow more solar heat to enter the building. By VI Art. solar rooms in homes and public buildings became so commonplace that Justinian Code introduced a "right to the sun" to guarantee individual access to the sun. In the XNUMXth century, greenhouses were very popular, in which it was fashionable to stroll under the canopy of lush plant foliage.

Due to power outages during the Second World War, by the end of 1947 in the United States buildings using passive solar energy were in such great demand that the Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company published a book called Your Solar Home, in which 49 best solar building projects were presented. In the mid-50s, architect Frank Bridgers designed the world's first passive solar office building. The solar system for hot water installed in it has been operating smoothly since that time. The Bridgers-Paxton building itself is listed on the country's National Historic Register as the world's first solar-heated office building.

Low oil prices after World War II diverted public attention away from solar buildings and energy efficiency issues. Since the mid-1990s, the market has been changing its attitude towards ecology and the use of renewable energy, and trends have appeared in construction, which are characterized by a combination of the future building design with the surrounding nature.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Miniature genome reader 13.02.2018

Molecular biologists from the University of Nottingham (UK) and the University of California at Santa Cruz have created a sequencer - an apparatus for analyzing DNA sequences - the size of a regular phone. It "reads" longer fragments of the genome than some existing full-length sequencers, making it easier to assemble a complete DNA sequence from pieces. The developers hope that their device will be used not only in scientific laboratories, but also in hospitals.

The device is based on the principle of nanopore sequencing. In this case, the DNA molecule passes through a hole of extremely small diameter - a nanopore. Overcoming it, each type of "building blocks" of DNA, nucleotides (there are 4 such types in total), generates its own unique electrical signal. This is how the sequence of nucleotides in a molecule is determined. This is claimed to be 99,5 percent accurate.

The main advantages of the new sequencer are its size, as well as the length of the DNA segments that it can "read". The device fits in the palm of your hand, making it portable and easy to use almost anywhere. According to one of the authors of the work, it was already used in Africa during the Ebola epidemic. And the fact that the DNA fragments he analyzes are especially long makes it easier to put the genome together.

The fact is that the DNA of almost any organism contains many short almost identical sections. It is very difficult to understand which of them is located in which place of the whole molecule. And sequencing it with neighboring nucleotides, which will already differ from repeats, allows you to arrange the repeating sections in the order necessary to understand the structure of the genome. Due to this, nanopore sequencing makes it possible to study DNA fragments that were previously practically not amenable to this. These include telomeres - the end sections of chromosomes that do not carry information about proteins, but protect the chromosomes from shortening.

The cost and complexity of genome sequencing is constantly decreasing. If just ten years ago this procedure was not financially accessible to everyone and could only be performed in well-equipped laboratories, then with the advent of devices like the one described, sequencing may soon become available in ordinary hospitals.

Other interesting news:

▪ ARCHOS launches ultra-compact audio player with 3 GB hard drive

▪ Iogear GTD733 Docking Station

▪ Realistic flight simulator

▪ Rosewill PB240-RGB Liquid Cooling System

▪ A phone that can ruin your appetite

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section And then an inventor (TRIZ) appeared. Article selection

▪ article Inheritance law. Lecture notes

▪ article How do we get energy from coal? Detailed answer

▪ article Helping with food poisoning. Tourist tips

▪ article Subwoofer combined design of wood and fiberglass. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Bending organic glass. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews