Wind power. Terms and Definitions. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Wind power. Terms and Definitions. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Wind	The movement of air relative to the earth's surface, caused by an uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure and characterized by speed and direction.
Wind power	The branch of energy associated with the development of methods and means of converting wind energy into mechanical, thermal or electrical energy.
Wind turbine (VA)	A system consisting of a wind turbine, a power transmission system and a machine driven by them (electric generator, pump, compressor, etc.).
Network wind power unit	VA with an electric machine generator, designed to operate in parallel with electrical networks, the power of which is infinitely large or greater, but commensurate with the power of the VA.
Autonomous wind power unit	VA with an electric machine generator, designed to supply electricity to consumers that are not connected to the electrical network.
Wind power plant (WPP)	A complex of interconnected equipment and structures designed to convert wind energy into other types of energy (mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc.).
Wind turbine	Wind turbine designed to convert wind energy into mechanical energy to drive various machines (pump, compressor, etc.).
Wind turbine	WPP designed for direct conversion of wind energy into thermal energy.
Wind power plant	A wind turbine designed to convert wind energy into electricity using an electricity generation system.
Hybrid wind turbines	Systems consisting of wind turbines and any other source of energy (diesel, gasoline, gas turbine engines, photovoltaic, solar collectors, capacitive, hydrogen storage of compressed air, etc.) used as a backup or additional source of power supply to consumers.
Wind power station (WPP)	A power plant consisting of two or more wind turbines designed to convert wind energy into electrical energy and transfer it to the consumer.
Wind turbine (VD)	A device for converting wind energy into mechanical energy of wind turbine rotation.
Horizontal-axial ID	VD, in which the axis of rotation of the wind wheel is parallel or almost parallel to the wind speed vector.
Vertical-axial ID	A VD whose axis of rotation is perpendicular to the wind velocity vector.
Wind wheel (VK)	The blade system of a wind turbine that perceives aerodynamic loads from the wind flow and converts wind energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the wind wheel.
VC diameter	The diameter of the circle described by the parts of the blades that are farthest from the axis of rotation of the VC.
Swept area VK	Geometric projection of the VC area onto a plane perpendicular to the wind speed vector.
Vane VK	A component of the VC that creates torque.
Head (gondola) HP	A component of the VA with a horizontal-axial VD, in which the elements of the VK, SPM, SGEE supports, the system for orienting the VK to the direction of the wind and other elements of the VD are located.
Power Transfer System (PTS)	A complex of devices for transmitting power from the wind wheel shaft to the shaft of the corresponding machine of the wind turbine with or without increasing the speed of the shaft of this machine.
Power Generation System (GEES)	An electric machine generator and a set of devices (converter, battery, etc.) for connection to a consumer with standard electricity parameters.
VD orientation system	A complex of devices for horizontal-axial VD, designed to set the axis of rotation of the VK in accordance with the direction of the wind within certain limits at each moment of time.
VD control system	A set of devices that provides regulation within the required limits of the speed and load of the HP when the wind speed changes in the operating range.
Average wind speed	The value of the horizontal component of the wind speed for the selected period of time, determined by the ratio of the sum of the measured values of the instantaneous wind speed to the number of measurements. Note - the average wind speed can be determined per minute, hour, day, month, year, etc.
Average annual wind speed	The average wind speed for a year in a particular area, determined for a given height above the earth's surface.
Breakaway speed	The minimum wind speed at which the wind wheel begins to rotate without load.
Minimum operating wind speed	The minimum wind speed at which the rotation of the VA is ensured at the rated speed with zero performance (idle).
Estimated wind speed	Minimum wind speed at which the VA develops its rated power: the speed corresponding to the start of regulation.
Maximum operating wind speed	Wind speed at which the design strength of the VA allows electricity to be produced without damage.
Storm design wind speed	The maximum wind speed that a stopped VA can withstand without damage.
VA performance	The dependence of the volume of products produced by VA per unit of time on the average wind speed.
Installed power VA	Nameplate power of the machine on the output shaft VA.
Rated power VA	The maximum output power for which VA is rated for continuous operation.
Overall efficiency VA	The ratio of useful energy produced by the VA to the total wind energy passing through the swept area of the wind wheel.
Wind power utilization factor	The ratio of the amount of mechanical energy developed by the wind turbine to the total wind energy passing through the swept area of the wind wheel.
Number of hours (factor) of rated power use	The ratio of the VA performance for the calculated period of time to the nominal power of the VA.

Authors: Kargiev V.M., Martirosov S.N. and etc.

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