Why should we use renewable energy? Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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The growing interest in the problems of using renewable energy sources is associated with an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels to an unprecedented scale.
At present, the understanding that fossil fuel reserves are depleted and its use in ever-increasing volumes leads to environmental pollution has become universal. The release of carbon dioxide, leading to global warming, in Russia has reached 16 tons per year per inhabitant; in Europe - 12 tons.
The emission of sulfur dioxide is the cause of acid rain that has become more frequent in recent decades. In the future, the reduction of fossil fuel consumption and its replacement with other energy sources is inevitable. The use of renewable energy sources is the most attractive, since it does not disturb the natural balance of energy received by our planet. If we continue to pollute the Earth's atmosphere at the same rate, it can lead to dramatic climate change, melting glaciers and, as a result, rising ocean levels, destruction of animal habitats and a threat to the existence of mankind.
In 1997, representatives from more than 160 countries of the world gathered in Kyoto (Japan) for the third UN conference on climate change. As a result of the conference, a draft agreement was signed to reduce industrial emissions of gases, which are the main cause of global warming.
In the near future, a significant increase in the use of RES is expected. Currently, the share of renewable energy in the European energy mix is 5,4%. By 2010, it is planned to increase this figure to 12%.
In Russia, renewable energy sources are not used as widely, and their share in electricity production is less than 1% (excluding large hydropower plants). However, the prospects for their application are great. About 60% of the country's territory, mainly for agricultural use, has an electrical load density of 0,5 - 10 kW/m2. The power supply of the population and production facilities is provided here, as a rule, by diesel power plants. The constant rise in prices for imported liquid fuel makes it economically feasible to attract local energy resources, including renewable energy resources, to the energy balance of these territories.
The gross potential of RES, which Russia has, is equivalent to 4 - 51012 tons of standard fuel, and the economic potential of non-traditional RES is about 30% of its annual energy consumption. Up to 80% of RES can be used in agriculture, which will improve the reliability of energy supply, environmental friendliness and increase the productivity of Russian agricultural production.
The wind energy potential of our country is about % of the total potential of all types of renewable energy sources, and the installed capacity of the wind turbine park in Russia is only 5 MW. In the near future, a significant increase in the use of wind energy and other types of renewable energy sources is inevitable.
Authors: Kargiev V.M., Martirosov S.N. and etc.
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