How and which wind turbine to choose. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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How and which wind turbine to choose. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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In the process of searching for a wind turbine or other source of alternative energy, the questions often arise: "Which wind generator is suitable?" and "Why is it so expensive?". This article will make the choice easier and possibly help you save money, as well as explain why you most likely do not need a powerful and expensive wind turbine.

Any complex that includes an alternative energy source consists of three main blocks: a source, an accumulator and an exhaust valve. In our case, a wind generator, batteries and an inverter.

How and which wind turbine to choose

General scheme of most alternative energy complexes

It is possible to draw an analogy between this inverter complex and a reservoir into which a stream flows. In this case, the energy-water from the wind generator-stream enters the battery-reservoir and accumulates there. Periodically, a person comes up to the reservoir and opens the inverter tap to draw water (i.e., use the accumulated electricity).

How and which wind turbine to choose
Scheme-analogue of the complex of alternative energy

For example, day and night, a wind turbine generates energy and dumps it into batteries. Regardless of your presence or energy consumption, the windmill generates energy in its own mode. It depends only on the wind. The stronger the wind, the greater the flow of energy, and vice versa. Batteries store energy around the clock, as long as current is supplied. The influx and accumulation of energy occurs without any schedule, but more or less constantly. Let sometimes very weakly, but the stream continues to fill the container.

When you turn on the electric kettle, it briefly uses the accumulated energy of the batteries. It immediately takes 1,5-2 kW of energy, but within 2-3 minutes. In other words, you open the inverter crane to high power, but for a short time. A powerful drain pressure of energy is created, but it does not last long. Therefore, very little water-energy is consumed during this time. The same thing happens when the refrigerator is turned on for a while, the pump is running, the drill is drilling, etc. Energy is used in significant amounts, but for very short periods of time. Lighting lamps, a TV or a computer consume energy much longer, but they use much less pressure for their work.

At night, when you sleep, and during the day, when you are away from home, energy consumption is drastically reduced. Only the refrigerator comes on intermittently. Almost all devices are in sleep mode and take a drop of energy - to indicate the presence of a network.

As long as you are not using energy, it continues to accumulate from the windmill regardless of your needs. Thus, as a rule, you consume energy in powerful jerks and doses, and it accumulates gradually, relatively evenly and not quickly.

From this follow the following conclusions:

1. The energy source should not be the same power as the total load of all appliances at once at home. You do not turn on all household appliances at home at the same time around the clock.

2. The power of the energy complex is determined by its inverter - a drain valve, through which energy is distributed to home appliances. The inverter is responsible for the power of the power complex. The wind generator-source does not play a role here.

3. Not only the time that you can survive without wind, but also the degree of uneven consumption depends on the volume of the reservoir-accumulators. Those. the larger the volume of batteries, the more unevenly you can consume energy and not worry about its reserves.

4. Infinitely large battery capacity is not a way out of the situation. Firstly, it is expensive, and secondly, the wind generator will not have time to charge their huge volume. Batteries should never be left uncharged forever. This leads to their rapid failure. You can draw an analogy with an almost dry lake - any addition of water is absorbed along the cracks and does not fill it. Batteries are not recoverable.

5. The most important conclusion: the wind generator must be selected not by power, but based on the amount of energy that it generates per week (month, year).

The wind generator must be able to produce the amount of energy that you consume. The power of the windmill is an important, but secondary characteristic. Much more important is its production - the amount of energy created over a certain period of time.

To prove this assertion, we give an example. If you put a large powerful wind turbine in a place where weak winds prevail and strong winds are rare, it will not help you much. Because a powerful wind generator starts with a good wind, and is idle with other winds. The energy that it will generate in rare strong winds will obviously not be enough. If you put a small windmill in the same place, it will bring much more benefit. In light winds, it will quickly begin to spin and give energy. Let it be a little, but quite constantly. And with medium and strong winds - even more so. Conclusion: the main characteristic of a wind generator is not power, but its ability to generate as much energy as possible in specific terrain conditions.

The example with weak winds is relevant, because. in 9 cases out of 10, there are no strong permanent winds at the intended installation site. The wind and the real (and not the theoretical total) peak load of the equipment can be adjusted using an inverter.

When choosing a wind generator, first of all, the volume of its production in given terrain conditions is important, and only then - power.

Therefore, in order to choose the right wind generator, you need to analyze the readings of your electric meter or independently estimate the average monthly need for energy.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

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