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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Life with new energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Once upon a time, oil, gas and coal - traditional energy resources - provided mankind with an industrial revolution and an innovative leap. Today, even according to the most optimistic calculations, fossil energy sources can last only a few centuries. Therefore, no one in the world has any doubts: the future of the planet is in renewable energy sources (RES).

This topic was the focus of the second "Green Business Breakfast" held by the EcoLounge project in collaboration with the law firm Baker & McKenzie. A series of such business meetings is dedicated to the ongoing UN climate conference in Copenhagen.

There are many advantages of RES over traditional energy resources. They are inexhaustible, and this, in turn, is a guarantee of world stability and energy security, because there is no need to fight for limited carbon resources.

And most importantly: the indicators of environmental and energy efficiency of alternative energy are extremely high. No wonder the development of renewable energy is always mentioned among the measures to combat global warming and limit greenhouse gas emissions. This factor is extremely important and relevant in connection with the recent UN climate conference in Copenhagen. Therefore, the introduction of alternative energy is vital and virtually inevitable.

This is evidenced by the world statistics. In 2008, total investments in renewable energy amounted to $100 billion. Today, the share of alternative sources in the global energy balance is 5%, but the growth rate is very high: the wind power market is growing by 30% per year, the photovoltaic industry - by 50%. In the European Union, it is planned to increase the share of alternative energy to 20% by 2020 and to 40% by 2040.

In terms of the potential for the development of renewable energy sources, Russia has enormous opportunities. Only one third of the territory of our country is provided with centralized energy supply, two thirds receive energy from autonomous sources. About 50% of settlements in Russia are not supplied with gas. All these gaps should be filled by alternative energy. At the same time, many mistakenly believe that in Russia, with its cold climate, the possibilities of using some alternative sources, in particular solar energy, are limited.

Oleg Popel, Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Council "Unconventional Renewable Energy Sources" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that in many regions of Russia there are much more sunny days and solar radiation than in many European countries. Therefore, the use of solar energy in regions with decentralized energy supply is relevant and profitable today. Oleg Popel positively assesses the government's order signed in January 2009, according to which the share of alternative energy by 2020 should reach 4,5% in the country's energy balance.

This order, approved by Vladimir Putin, is perhaps the first serious step taken by the state towards renewable energy sources. But at the same time, according to experts, it is still too early to draw optimistic conclusions: the volume of budget investments in traditional energy sources and renewable ones is incomparable, which does not yet allow us to talk about fair competition in the energy sector.

Anatoly Kopylov, former adviser to the chairman of the board of RAO "UES of Russia", explains the lack of interest of the authorities by the fact that renewable energy sources in Russia are still at an embryonic stage of development. The period of pessimism in relation to alternative energy, according to him, has passed all countries. In addition, at the moment, most projects related to renewable energy sources are unprofitable. It takes time and technology to be profitable. And yet, Anatoly Kopylov is sure that life itself will force Russia to turn to alternative energy sooner or later, and businesses should already have projects ready by the time this happens.

According to Max Gutbrot, a partner at Baker & McKenzie, the main obstacle to the development of renewable energy in Russia remains the "closeness" of business processes. The spheres of heat and power supply are divided between monopolists, with whom it is very difficult for small and medium-sized innovative businesses to compete. In addition, the scientific and technological foundations of alternative energy in Europe were laid back in the mid-1970s, which allowed European countries to become leaders in this area today. In our country, this time was lost, so we have to buy Western technologies, which also slows down the development of non-traditional energy.

Nevertheless, despite many obstacles, most experts are sure that sooner or later renewable energy sources will become the basis of the domestic energy complex. And the revolution in this area will start from below, because business has long understood the strategic prospects of this innovative direction in the energy sector.

So Stanislav Chernitsa, CEO of AEnergy, admits that there is great interest in alternative energy, but there is still little money in it. His company's clients are either fans of environmental and energy efficiency, or wealthy people who follow fashion, or those who do not have access to district heating and energy supply. Despite the fact that the energy market and housing and communal services are divided among large state monopolists, Stanislav Chernitsa notes that small and medium-sized companies can compete with them. First of all, because they offer alternative energy-saving solutions. The global trend in the world is such that developed countries are moving away from centralized networks towards autonomous ones because of their cheapness and better efficiency. In Russia, this path is also inevitable.

The inevitability of this is recognized by the representative of the company "SVETlana" Oleg Kharchenko. His company is preparing to enter the market of energy-saving LED lamps and become the official distributor of a major French manufacturer. This direction after the release of the law on energy efficiency, which banned incandescent lamps, promises to be very promising. At the same time, Oleg Kharchenko admits that an integrated approach is needed in energy efficiency issues, so his company is also engaged in the installation of wind turbines and solar panels. And there is already a demand for these alternative sources. First of all, it is observed in remote northern regions, where the maintenance of autonomous diesel generators is very expensive. “In general, despite the inattention of the authorities and the resistance of monopolists, the market for non-traditional energy is being pushed from the bottom. Simply because people are already ripe; projects, ideas, demand - all this already exists and needs to be implemented,” sums up Kharchenko.

Igor Bryzgunov, President of the Russian Association of the Wind Industry, notes that there are already 6 companies in our country that invest a lot of money in wind energy. Today alone, projects with a total capacity of 6 MW are being implemented. And in the near future even more investors should appear, especially if the interest of the state increases and the necessary legislative framework is adopted to stimulate renewable energy projects. “The main thing is that there is already a market,” Igor Bryzgunov believes. “So, there are all the ingredients for the emergence of by-laws. Given our decentralized, autonomous energy supply system, there is no better place for alternative energy. And a breakthrough in this area will happen soon - it costs the state just lift a match."

Publication: greeen.ru

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