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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Misconceptions associated with catchphrases Democracy is the worst of all political systems, but there is no better one This aphorism is usually attributed to Churchill. However, in reality these words belong to Nikolai Berdyaev. The lonely white sail grows white Most of us think that these lines belong to Lermontov. In fact - A.A. Bestuzhev: A lone sail whitens Like a swan's wing And the clear-eyed traveler is sad; There is a quiver at your feet, an oar in your hands. Lermontov later began his famous poem The Sail with a line from Bestuzhev. Genius of pure beauty It is well known that this expression is from Pushkin’s poem I remember a wonderful moment. However, it is little known that the author of this image is V.A. Zhukovsky In his poem Lalla ruk there are the following lines: Oh! Doesn't live with us A genius of pure beauty; Only occasionally does he visit Us from heavenly heights. Moreover, Pushkin himself printed these three words in italics, which indicated a quotation. However, later, under Soviet rule, they either forgot about italics or decided that it was simply not needed. Window to Europe Expression from Pushkin's poem The Bronze Horseman. But this image was not created by Pushkin. The great poet, in the notes to the poem, himself indicated where he got this image from - from Letters on Russia by the Italian writer Algarotti. He owns the lines: St. Petersburg is the window through which Russia looks at Europe. Alexander the Great was also a great commander, but why break chairs? This phrase became famous thanks to the film by the Vasilyev brothers Chapaev. However, few people know that in the film Furmanov simply quotes Gogol. These words are spoken by the mayor about the teacher in N.V.’s comedy. Gogol The Inspector General. Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer This phrase is usually attributed to Aristotle. However, this was the case. It began with the fact that Plato, in his essay Phaedo, attributed the words to Socrates: Following me, think less about Socrates, and more about the truth. Later, Aristotle, in his work Nicomachean Ethics, polemicizing with Plato and referring to him, wrote: Although my friends and the truth are dear to me, duty commands me to give preference to the truth. Even later, Luther said: Plato is my friend, Socrates is my friend, but the truth must be presented. Finally, the famous phrase Amicos Plato, magis amica veritas - Plato is my friend, but the truth was formulated more dearly... by Cervantes in the 2nd part of the novel Don Quixote. Born to crawl can not fly It is well known that this is a quote from the Song of the Falcon by M. Gorky. However, it is little known that a similar expression is found in the fable of I.I. Chemnitzer (1745-1784) Man and cow. The fable tells about a man who saddled a cow, which fell under the rider: Therefore, you should know: whoever was born to crawl cannot fly. A spark will ignite a flame This is not a slogan invented by V.I. Lenin for the Iskra newspaper, and a quote from a poem written in Siberia by the Decembrist poet A.I. Odoevsky (in response to Pushkin’s poem In the depths of Siberian ores): Our mournful work will not be lost, From the spark ignite the flame And enlightened our people Will gather under the holy banner. Religion is the opium of the people The author of this phrase is not Lenin, but the German writer Novalis. Workers of all countries, unite This is also not Lenin, or even Marx. This slogan was coined by Karl Schepper. In the state of Louisiana (USA), there is a law according to which a biology teacher, when starting to teach the theory of evolution, must clearly announce to schoolchildren that he is doing this only to inform them, and not in order to refute the biblical version of the creation of all life with the help of Darwinism. Opponents of this attitude to science filed a complaint with the US Supreme Court, pointing out that the Constitution separates the state (and school) from the church, but the court upheld the law. The Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted 115 years, from 1338 to 1453. Human hair is stronger than lead, copper, platinum and can only compete with steel in strength. With a thickness of 0,05 millimeters, the hair can withstand a load weighing 100 grams, i.e. its strength limit exceeds 5,000 kg. per square centimeter. A woman's braid consists of an average of two hundred thousand hairs and can easily withstand a load weighing 20 tons. Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov lived only 25 years. English miners, going down into the face, now, like two centuries ago, take a canary with them. This bird, sensitive even to low concentrations of firedamp, has saved many human lives. But, having warned the miner about the danger, the canary itself, as a rule, dies. The average density of Saturn is 8,5 times less than that of the Earth and more than 2 times less than that of the Sun. If you reduce it to an acceptable size and place it in a bath of water, it will float in it. The diameter of Saturn's outer ring is 900 km, but its thickness is only about 000 km. For comparison: if we make a model of the rings, we will get a disk with a diameter of approximately 4 m and a thickness of 230 mm. In the human body there are 10^16 cells of approximately one hundred different types and in each cell there are about 100 molecules of enzymes (proteins) that serve approximately 000 reactions. Elementary astronomy I.A. Klimishin. In the 4th century. BC e. Based on the reconstruction of the lists of winners, the date of the first Olympic Games was conditionally determined - 776 BC. e. The establishment of the order of their implementation was attributed in ancient times to the king of Elis Iphitus, the Spartan legislator Lycurgus and the Achaean from Pisa Cleosthenes, who concluded (with the approval of the Delphic oracle) a sacred alliance. The text of the agreement on the rules of the competition was written on a bronze disk. The Olympic Games at that time were, of course, not a sporting event in our understanding, but the most important religious rite and were dedicated to Olympian Zeus. ZEUS, the supreme god in Greek mythology. Having overthrown his father the titan Kronos into Tartarus, he became the ruler of gods and people. The attributes of Zeus were an aegis (shield), a scepter, and sometimes an eagle; Olympus (Zeus the Olympian) was considered his seat. The Roman Jupiter corresponds to it. OLYMPIC GAMES, in antiquity the oldest and most famous of the Panhellenic games. They celebrated in honor of Olympian Zeus every four years, in the summer, in Elis (a region in the north-west of the Peloponnese) in the Holy City of Olympia at the foot of Mount Olympus and the hill of Kronos - Kronion. OLYMPIA, ancient Greek city in Elis (northwestern part of the Peloponnese), site of the cult of Zeus and the Olympic Games. The architectural ensemble of Olympia took shape in the 7th-4th centuries. BC e. In 426 AD e. burned by order of the Roman Emperor Theodosius II. Excavations have revealed: on the sacred site - the remains of the sanctuary of Pelops (from the end of the 2nd millennium BC), the temples of Hera (late 7th century BC), Zeus (468 - 456 BC .) and etc.; outside the site are the ruins of a bouleuterium (6-5 centuries BC), a stadium of the classical era, etc.; over 130 statues, approx. 13 thousand bronze objects, approx. 10 thousand inscriptions, etc. According to mythological legend, the Olympic Games were preceded by funeral games in honor of the hero Pelops, which were later resumed by Hercules. Pelops and Hercules were also considered the founders of the first types of competitions: chariot racing, running and wrestling. Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2000 Baku. - The famous Maiden Tower, which is the symbol of the city of Baku, was built in the 6th century BC. - The world's first deep oil well was drilled in Baku in 1848 at the Bibi-Heybat field. - The world's first oil refinery was built in the village of Surakhani near Baku in 1859. - The first photographs of Baku were taken by captain-lieutenant of the Russian Navy A. Ulsky in 1861. - The world's first kerosene plant was built in 1863 in Baku. - The first oil school was founded in Baku in 1874. Then it became the famous Azerbaijan Institute of Oil and Chemistry (AzINEFTEKHIM), now it is called the Azerbaijan Oil Academy. - In 1896, philanthropist N.Z. Tagiyev founded the first higher educational institution for women in the East. - On October 12, 1908, the premiere of the first entirely oriental opera Leyli and Majnun by composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov took place. - On July 6, 1926, the first electric train in the USSR was launched between Baku and the Balakhani-Sabunchi oil fields. According to the dictionaries of Dahl and Brockhaus & Efron, red fish are beluga, sturgeon, thorn and stellate sturgeon. The Astrakhan Region website also mentions this: From the order of sturgeons, which in Rus' have long been called red fish, 5 species are found in the reservoirs of the region: beluga, Russian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, thorn and sterlet. Some of the salmon fish are also called red fish: pink salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, Chinook salmon. The Caspian Sea produces up to 80% of the world's production of red fish and 95% of black caviar. There are 5 species of sturgeon: sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, beluga, thorn and sterlet. The weight of the largest beluga reaches 600-800 kg, and rare specimens weigh up to 1 ton. The DSU museum has a stuffed beluga caught in 1969, measuring 4 m and weighing 2 kg. Fishes of Dagestan Tesha: The abdominal part of the fish, separated from the fish by a cut from the head to the anal fin. Chilled fish (fish products): Fish (fish products), the temperature of which in the thickness of the muscle tissue is maintained at a level from 5 * C to the freezing point of the cell juice of the fish, without reaching this point. Frozen fish (fish products): Fish (fish products), the temperature of which in the thickness of the muscle tissue is maintained at a level of minus 18 * C and below. Magadan fish. Fishing terms Kosher fish: salmon family (pink salmon, chum salmon, etc.), carp family (crucian carp, carp, etc.), tuna, mackerel, pike, bream, roach, pike perch, herring, sprat, pollock, and all fish with scales and fins. Non-kosher fish: sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, etc.), catfish, eel and all aquatic life without scales and fins. Any marine animals are prohibited as food: shrimp, squid, crayfish, mollusks, whales, dolphins, seals, walruses, etc. Only kosher fish roe is kosher. (For example: red caviar) Cold smoked fish is kosher. There is an opinion that hot smoked fish is also kosher. Kosher Diet Information The proverb there is no smoke without fire sounds like this: there is no fire without smoke, there is no smoke without fire... The date is September 1, 5508 BC. (according to the Julian calendar) is considered to be the beginning of the Greek Catholic (Byzantine) calendar. This is one of the world eras, which the Christian Church calls from the creation of the World. Thus, in a few years we will have an anniversary. Surdin V. G. Orthodox natural science For more than 3300 years, Jerusalem was considered the Jewish capital. Jerusalem is mentioned more than seven hundred times in the Tanakh, the Jewish Holy Scripture. A proverb is a concise, commonly used saying that is the property of an entire people, or means. part of it, containing a general judgment or instruction for some case of life. Usually poetry is created by direct folk art, but sometimes it is borrowed from literature. works (ours from Krylov’s fables, from Griboyedov’s Woe from Wit). Collection of Russian P. Dahl.- P. dramatic, small dramatic. a work representing the development of a proverb. It arose under Louis XIII in the salons of high society, where it was improvised without a stage setting. In the 1854th century known to P. Alfred de Musset. See Chasles, Etudes sur ler proverbes dramatiques in Athenaeum Francais XNUMX. Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron A proverb, a figurative expression that exists in speech for emotionally expressive assessments (for example, I'm tired of it like a bitter radish - an expression of annoyance). Unlike a proverb - a whole judgment, P. is always part of it. Great Soviet Encyclopedia The proverb Pitchfork on the water is written, most people perceive it as something vague, although in fact, the Slavic name for the mermaids is Pitchfork. Pitchforks, i.e. mermaids wrote messages on the water, people read them and followed them as if they were certain recommendations. The fact is that Pitchfork helped people... FORCES (samo-forks, sea ladies, samo-diva, likhoplesi) - one of the nicknames of the cloud maidens; vila (the name itself comes from the word vit) spins cloud tows and pulls golden threads of lightning from them. Pitchforks are also depicted as prophetic spinners, spinning the thread of life. They are also called dashing braids (i.e. those who weave dashingly - life's troubles and death). The superstitious veneration of pitchforks is mentioned in ancient manuscripts: They believe in Perun and Khors... and in the pitchforks, their number being distant sisters, they say silently and consider them goddesses, and so they put terebs on them. Vila is related to light spirits, and therefore her name is accompanied by the constant epithet white. The Vilas are represented as young, beautiful, pale-faced maidens, in thin white clothes and with long flowing braids; in these braids is their strength and even life itself; their body is tender, transparent, light, like that of a bird, their eyes shine like lightning, their voice is pleasant, mellifluous. But woe to the man who is deceived by a pitchfork! The whole world will disgust him and life will not be a joy. Along with mermaids, forks live on mountain peaks, in forests and water, and therefore are distinguished into mountain, forest and water. Vila is related to swan maidens, who constantly bathe in lakes and springs. About the pitchforks wandering through forests and groves, they say that they have goat legs and horse hooves. Vilas do not always ride on wonderful Vila horses; they sometimes ride on fast deer, bridled and driven by snakes, i.e. lightning. Tell us what kind of creation you are: /Did a woman give birth to you /Or is Vila cursed by God? (A.S. Pushkin. Songs of the Western Slavs). Slavic Mythology. Dictionary-reference book
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