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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Porridge is a dish for a second breakfast, afternoon tea and late dinner for vacationers (hence: SHHI YES K. OUR FOOD, where SHCHI is managa). Saturation of the stomach, as a rule, does not occur, but quite the contrary. Thus, K. is food for the mind and heart (and liver). Cooking K. is a responsible matter (criminally). Therefore, unreliable people are not allowed to him (hence: YOU WILL NOT MAKE WITH THEM). Due to the specific taste, ineffective, bug-free eating of K. causes vivid disappointment (hence: OH, YOU, HAVE LITTLE K. ate). K. contains fat-absorbing vitamins (hence: K. DOES NOT SPILL WITH OIL). In general, the process of cooking K. brings people very close and contributes to the emergence of such tender friendship, which was not even in childhood. This is where the expression odnokashniki came from. There are three types of vision: black and white; color; volumetric. Scientists have found that a violation of any of the three types of vision affects the creative abilities of a person. For example, people who are colorblind have certain memory impairments. As a result of fundamental scientific developments, the three-component color mixing was proven. The main colors turned out to be not seven, but three - red, yellow, blue; three colors - green, purple, orange - complementary colors (they are also called antagonist colors. Pairs of colors were determined: red - green; yellow - purple; blue - orange. This means that if you look at a highlighted, for example, blue dot for a long time, and then turn your head and start looking into the darkness, then you can clearly see the antagonist color there, i.e. orange dot... It was found that ganglion cells that perceive red in the center of the receptive field perceive green color in the periphery of the field, and vice versa. Czechoslovak specialist Gizel Oswald, while researching color symbolism, said that white is undesirable in Spain, China, South Africa, as it means mourning and death there.The combination of red, white and blue is not recommended in Thailand.Blue is not liked for political reasons. Arabs, yellow - the color of mourning and disease - is unacceptable for the countries of the Middle East.This and much more about color and its significance in memory processes can be found in the book by O.A. Andreeva LN Khromova Memory training technique on the GEBS-magazine website. Three colors Krasnodar Miss Millicent Barclay, daughter of Colonel William Barclay, was born after her father's death on July 10, 1872, and was entitled to a pension from the Madras Military Fund before her marriage. she died without getting married on October 26, 1969, receiving a pension for each of the days lived for 97 years and 3 months of her life. Peasant Russia, No14, 2002 Democritus died at the age of 102, Hippocrates - 99, I.P. Pavlov - 87, I. Newton - 84, Spencer - 83, L.N. Tolstoy - 82, Schelling - 82, Edison - 82, Plato - 81, Kant - 81, Saint-Simon - 80, Galileo - 79. Peasant Russia, No14, 2002 The words fur coat, skirt, zipun and zhupan, which came into Russian from different European languages, come from the same Arabic jubba - outerwear. Science and Life No1, 2002 In total, in medieval China and neighboring countries, there were 108 types of edged weapons. They were divided into long and short types, as well as melee and combined weapons that allow you to hit the enemy at a distance (knives, sickles, throwing spears). A special category is the so-called small, or improvised, weapons: all kinds of brass knuckles, cats, pointed rods, throwing plates, etc. A. Dolin, G. Popov. Kempo - a tradition of martial arts In 1893 sending a telegram from St. Petersburg to Moscow cost a kopeck per word plus 5 kopecks per telegram. The membership fee for the English Club of both capitals was 35 rubles a year. D. Gubin, L. Lurie. Real Petersburg In 1900, a hundred eggs in Russia cost 1 ruble. 60 kopecks. The worker was paid 40-50 rubles. per month; a highly qualified worker received about 100 rubles. per month. D. Gubin, L. Lurie. Real Petersburg According to GOST, the composition of canned beef stew should be as follows: the mass fraction of meat - not less than 54 percent for canned food of the first grade and not less than 56,5 percent for stew of the highest grade, fat - not more than 17 percent, salt - 1 - 1,5 percent . Pork stew should contain 59 percent meat, no more than 35 percent fat and 1 - 1,5 percent salt. Evening Club No8, 2002 WHO IS THE MOST EARED? In the African elephant, burdock ears can reach 1,5 meters from the base to the top, in the Indian elephant they are smaller - about 0,5 meters. (The mammoth had even smaller ears, which is not surprising, because he lived in the ice age in the tundra, large ears could be frozen right away.) Elephants have large ears, but the elephants themselves are 5-6 meters long, and up to 4 meters tall. meters. It turns out that the length of their ears is less than a quarter of the length of the body. But in Mongolia and China, perhaps the most eared animal lives - the long-eared jerboa. He himself is only 9 centimeters long, and his ears are as much as 5 centimeters. That is, his ears are more than half the length of his body. Very large ears and a small African fox - Fenech. She herself is smaller than a cat, body length is 35-40 centimeters, and even a tail is 15-20 centimeters. But the ears - in the human palm, reach 15 centimeters in length. There is also a decorative breed of rabbits with very long ears, their name is strange - the Brussels ram. The ears of these rabbits are folded on both sides of the head and are somewhat reminiscent of twisted ram's horns. The length of the straightened ears of a rabbit-ram reaches 2-3 meters. This animal is artificially bred by man. There are many animals with eared names in the world. Ushan, wide-eared, wide-eared folded-lip are all different bats. Eared fox, eared hedgehog, bushy-eared pig, black-eared squirrel, big-eared pika and big-eared hamster, white-eared jumper, big-eared jumper, eared seals and many, many others ... There are animals whose name is associated with the absence of ears: an earless rat. What we usually call the ears, scientists call the auricle. It serves the animals to collect the sounds that are heard around them. The sounds collected in the funnel of the auricle are then sent through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane. The eardrum is a thin film, in humans it is less than a penny in size. This film vibrates when sound waves hit it. In Siberia, hare hunters call ushkan. A hare and a hare can be distinguished by their ears, if you bend the hare's ears forward, towards the nose. When the ears reach the tip of the nose or even a little longer - this is a hare; when the ears are shorter than the muzzle, it is a hare. Only here is the inconvenience: it is most convenient to hold a caught hare by the ears with your hand. We do not hear ultrasounds, but many animals do, and not only hear, but skillfully use ultrasonic signals: to communicate with each other, for hunting, for reconnaissance of the area, for protection from enemies. This can be done, for example, shrews, bats, dolphins, whales. Animals on land hear differently. In the depths of the sea, silent conversations also go on. Even in the time of Aristotle, people knew that fish make different sounds. People can hear the sounds made by some fish even without any instruments. Leonardo da Vinci suggested listening to underwater voices by putting your ear to an oar vertically lowered into the water. The same method was invented and is still used by fishermen off the coast of West Africa. Animals not only listen with their ears: they drive away flies, give a signal I am angry, semaphore cubs follow me. They even steer with their ears in flight, use them for aerial maneuvers - this is what the wide-eared folded lip and some other bats do. Their ears have grown together into a rigid keel - the elevator. And in animals living in the north, to reduce heat loss, the ears are smaller than those of their relatives in the south. So we can say that these animals sweat with their ears. During World War II at Buckingham Palace, in order to save water, a line was drawn on all bathtubs at a height of 13 centimeters from the bottom - the maximum permissible level. When in 1941 a British government delegation, accustomed to the economy of wartime, arrived in Moscow for negotiations, the officials were amazed that the water flowed here without restrictions. In addition, the British, who had taken sandwiches with them just in case, were fed sturgeon, caviar, pineapples in the Kremlin ... Dogs and cats burying their excrement is a manifestation of the natural desire to hide their presence (their smell) from possible enemies. The reign of the Romanovs began in the Ipatiev Monastery and ended in the house of the merchant Ipatiev. English is the only language in the world where the pronoun I is always written with a capital letter, and you - only with a small letter (with the exception of the beginning of a sentence, of course). The English storekeeper Andy Bell won the World Memory Championship in London. In 34,76 seconds, he remembered the exact order of the cards in the shuffled deck. This is 3,53 seconds less than the previous record. (Science and Life, 2001). How was the length of the visual sensory memory trace first measured? This happened in 1740 and the Swedish explorer Segner did it. He attached a red-hot brand to a spinning wheel, and when it turned quickly, a full circle could be seen, since the trace left by the brand at the beginning of its circular motion was still bright at the moment it returned to its starting point. If the wheel turned slowly, only part of the circle could be seen, since the trace from its first part faded away during the time that the firebrand returned to its starting point. By spinning the wheel at such a speed that the visible image of the circle had just appeared, and measuring the time it took for one revolution of the wheel, Segner was able to estimate the duration of storage of information in sensory memory storage. He got a value of the order of one tenth of a second. Source - Alan Baddeley's book Your Memory The flight of Yuri Gagarin on the Vostok-1 spacecraft lasted 1 hour 48 minutes. The record holder for the total duration of space flights is Sergey Vasilyevich AVDEEV. As of May 7, 2001, he has been in space for 747 days 14 hours 14 minutes 11 seconds. On March 18, 1965, Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov was the first person in the world to make a spacewalk. During the exit, he showed great courage, especially in an emergency situation, when the swollen space suit prevented the astronaut from returning to the spacecraft. The spacewalk lasted 12 minutes 9 seconds. In 1967, he was preparing as part of a group for flights to the moon. First he was appointed commander of the first crew to fly around the moon, and then commander of the first crew on the moon landing program. If the USSR's lunar program had been implemented, Leonov would have been the first Soviet cosmonaut to walk on the moon. The most interesting in the Aelita project developed in the USSR in the late 60s was the flight scheme to Mars. It was assumed that after the launch of two unmanned units into near-Earth orbit, their automatic docking would be carried out, and then a slow acceleration of the bundle would begin in a gradually unwinding spiral. When the ship left the zone of the Earth's radiation belts, the crew was supposed to go to it. Its delivery was supposed to be on a device developed as part of the lunar program. On October 3, 1967, the X-15 speed record bar reached the milestone of 7273 kilometers per hour. I want to note that up to the present time this milestone has not been surpassed when flying on airplanes. It is sometimes written that this record lasted until 1981, when the first Shuttle landed and moved through the atmosphere at an even greater speed. But it seems to me that these are still different things. The shuttle was moving in the atmosphere, returning from space flight, and the X-15 was gaining altitude. The forced rocket engine XLR-99, which worked for 141 seconds, made it possible to reach an altitude of 22 meters on August 1963, 107900. So high, neither before nor after the planes did not climb. The first accident in the history of Soviet (Russian) cosmonautics occurred on April 27, 1958. The launch from the Baikonur cosmodrome, launch complex N 1, of the Sputnik 8A91 launch vehicle (serial N B1-2), which was supposed to put the third Soviet artificial satellite into low Earth orbit, ended in failure (D-1 N 1). Barely breaking away from the launch pad, the launch vehicle went head over heels, fell to the ground and exploded. The world's first space tourist TITO Dennis was born on August 8, 1940 in New York (New York, USA). In 1972, he founded Wilshere Associates Inc. in Santa Monica (pc. California, USA). In the same year, he developed the Wilshere 5000 total market index, the most widely used index in the securities market. Currently, Wilshere Associates Inc. is a leading provider of management, consulting and technology investment services. From October 9, 2000, he was trained at the Cosmonaut Training Center under a contract concluded by Tito with the Russian Aerospace Agency. April 28 - May 6, 2001 as a participant in a space flight on Soyuz TM-32 (launch) and Soyuz TM-31 (landing) for 7 days 22 hours 4 minutes 3 seconds. Tito paid $20 million for his flight. USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. REGULATION No 1017-419 ss of May 13, 1946 Issues of jet weapons Considering the creation of reactive weapons and the organization of research and experimental work in this field to be the most important task, the Council of Ministers of the USSR decides: 1. Create a Special Committee on Jet Technology under the Council of Ministers of the USSR ... 5. To oblige the Special Committee on Jet to submit for approval to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR a plan of research and experimental work for 1946-1948, to determine as a priority the reproduction using domestic materials, missiles of the FAU-2 type (long-range guided missile) and Wasserfall (anti-aircraft guided missile). Quoting the letter you are replying to is called overquoting in English, literally - excessive quoting, this is not recommended. During the creation of Windows XP, on which more than five thousand people worked, 86 thousand cups of coffee were drunk and 452 children were born to the development team. McDonald's earned more than $1 million from Microsoft employees in the process of creating Windows XP. Chip special NoXNUMX Tanka is an icon of Tibetan Buddhists. They draw it on linen, silk or cotton fabric and frame it with brocade. Twenty-four people work in the European office of Toyota in Nice, of which only five are designers. AvtoVAZ employs 60 car designers. Toyota sells 660 vehicles a year in Europe. AvtoVAZ in Russia for the same time - 700 thousand. At the same time, the model range of the Japanese company has 125 different cars, while the Russian one barely reaches ten positions. V. Pirozhkov, Senior Designer, European Bureau Toyota, Big City, April 12, 2002 A female giraffe carries her cub for 440 days, or 14 months. Patient giraffe. Big City, April 5, 12 If you measure avarice as the difference between available funds and expenses, then Henrietta Howland (Getty) Green can rightfully be considered a champion among misers, who had $ 31 in a bank account alone. Her son had to amputate his leg due to the fact that his mother she admitted him to a free clinic too late, and she herself ate cold oatmeal, because she thought it was too expensive to warm it up. In 400, the value of her property, once equal to $000 million, reached $1996 million. The countries with the lowest income tax rates are Bahrain and Qatar, where it is not charged at all. In the shell of a huge clam on about. Palawan, Philippines, on May 7, 1934, the so-called Pearl of Laozi (also known as the Pearl of Allah) was found. It weighs 6,37 kg, its length is 24 cm and its diameter is 14 cm. The narrowest street - Vicolo della Virilita in the town of Ripatransone in the Italian Marche Ave. has an average width of 43 cm, and in one place narrows to 38 cm. The World Worms Conjuration Championship is held in Willaston, c. Cheshire, UK. On July 5, 1980, Tom Shufflebotham lured 30 worms out of the ground in 511 minutes. The World Mosquito Fighting Championship is held in Pelkosenniemi, Finland. In 1995, the winner of these competitions was Henry Pellonpaia, who killed 5 mosquitoes in 21 minutes. Every year in August in Llanworthy Wales, c. Powys, Wales, UK hosts World Championship Diving in the Swamp. Approximately 30 participants in these competitions, wearing fins and snorkels for scuba diving, must swim a 60-meter distance through the swamp twice. The only one who managed to become a champion twice was Steve Meidlin, who won these competitions in 1989 and 1994. The narrowest of the navigable straits is the Dofuchi Strait, which separates the Japanese islands of Sodo and Mae. Where the two islands are connected by a bridge, the strait is only 9,93 meters wide. The youngest among those officially awarded for courage was Julius Rosenberg from Winnipeg, Canada, who received the Medal for Courage on March 30, 1994. On September 20, 1992, a 5-year-old boy saved his 3-year-old sister from a brown bear ... roaring menacingly at him. A group of equids produced two domestic animals: a donkey and a horse. The donkey was tamed a little earlier than the horse: in the fourth millennium BC, in the Nile Valley. His wild ancestor is the Nubian donkey and still lives in Africa. Three thousand years ago, donkeys were bred in southern Europe, and in the 1976th century the Spaniards brought them to America. Young Naturalist 3 NoXNUMX The anteater tamandua has no teeth, and it gets its prey - ants and termites - with a sticky, worm-like tongue. Ants and termites that are not chewed go straight into the stomach, where they are rubbed with muscular walls and small stones that work like millstones. An anteater can eat up to 30000 ants per day. Science and life The forked tongue of snakes is often erroneously called a stinger. Snakes do not sting them, but determine the taste and smell. Some (very venomous) rattlesnakes use their tongue as a warning by waving it threateningly in front of an enemy. Science and life The blue whale has the largest tongue and weighs about five or six tons. The blue whale itself can weigh 150 tons, like 50 African elephants. Only one of his heart weighs a whole ton. The pygmy shrew has the smallest tongue: it itself weighs only 3 grams. Science and life In ancient Egypt, after the death of a cat, mourning was declared in the family and, as a sign of sadness, they cut their eyebrows. The ancient Egyptians claimed that the gods do not count the time spent on fishing.
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