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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Israel has created a prototype battery for a smartphone that charges in half a minute. Serial production should begin in two years. The Institute for Empirical Aesthetics was founded in Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Its staff will study what psychological, neurological and cultural differences affect the perception of beauty in different peoples. According to the forecast of UN demographers, by 2050 the number of people over 60 years old will for the first time exceed the number of teenagers under 15. Now every second in the world two people celebrate their sixtieth birthday. The earthquake that hit Japan in March 2011 and destroyed the Fukushima nuclear power plant, reflected in the orbit of some artificial Earth satellites, changing the planet's gravitational field. By mid-2012, solar power will provide 93% of the electricity for the 1500 inhabitants of the South Pacific island of Tokelau. The remaining 7% will come from a power plant running on coconut oil. The bird flu virus was found in Antarctic penguins, and not the same as on other continents. An analysis of 238 deaths of Americans from lightning strikes over the past 8 years showed that in 82% of cases men were struck by lightning. First of all, these are anglers with a fishing rod, tourists and football players. There are not enough bees in Europe. According to data from 41 countries, in 2005-2010, the population of apiaries grew almost 5 times slower than needed for pollination of useful plants. Chinese archaeologists have found the remains of silk clothes in two Neolithic burials (8500 years ago). This means that sericulture is almost 3500 years older than previously thought. The world's most powerful wind turbines operate offshore off the southwest coast of England. One rotation of the blades of such an engine provides electricity to a single-family residential building for 29 hours. Wisdom, a female dark-backed albatross living on Sandy Island in the Pacific Ocean, set a new breeding record: at the age of 67, she again laid an egg, a year after the previous one. China passed a law making all dinosaur fossils the property of the state. Chinese peasants have lost an important source of income - until now they sold the fossils they found to paleontologists, mostly foreign ones. According to experts of the Intergovernmental Commission on Climate Change, by 2100 global warming can reduce food production in the world by 40%. Many fertile lands can turn into deserts and semi-deserts. After 244 years in print, the paper edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica has been discontinued. From now on, it will be available only in digital form. About five million tropical fish are caught annually in the world for sale to aquarium lovers. Of this catch, four million die en route or shortly after purchase. According to UN estimates, 42 million tons of electrical appliances and electronics are thrown into landfills in the world every year. In almost all countries, it is cheaper and easier to buy a new computer, TV or hair dryer than to fix an old one. At the beginning of the 400th century, there were only a few hundred bison in North America, now there are 000, and by 2027 the number will grow to a million. According to German geophysicists, the Earth's mantle at a depth of 410-660 km contains about the same amount of water in bound form as in all our oceans. Mother's milk contains stem cells that give the child immunity. As zoologists from the University of Cambridge (Great Britain) proved, pigs recognize themselves in the mirror. Of the animals, elephants, dolphins, magpies, gray parrots and several species of monkeys correctly perceive mirror reflection. One in every 30 Europeans has an innate immunity to the human immunodeficiency virus. According to the Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology, human rights are least often violated in those countries out of the 137 surveyed, where the main source of information for the population is not television, but the Internet. Chinese geneticists at the Agricultural University in Beijing have created a herd of 300 transgenic cows that have been implanted with human genes for milk production. Milk obtained from animals, identical to mother's, will be used for feeding newborns and in the production of powder mixtures for their nutrition. Canadian neuroscientists have proven that the pleasure of music is akin to the pleasure of drugs. The same areas of the brain are involved and the same hormones of happiness are released. In the brain of suicides, the so-called corpus callosum is reduced - a bridge between the hemispheres through which their activity is coordinated. So say anatomists from the University of Montpellier (France). Geologists, having analyzed under a microscope the sand from one French beach, on which American troops landed in 1944 at the opening of the second front, found in the sand microscopic metal particles from shells and grains of sand melted by explosions. All cetaceans - from a 25-meter whale to a meter-long dolphin - swim at the same speed, about two meters per second. In short stretches, many of them are able to swim faster, but the stayer speed is just that. American oceanologists came to this conclusion after analyzing the results of numerous measurements and filming. About a hundred thousand species of trees are known in the world. Of these, 8750 are threatened with extinction. Only 1050 of them grow in nature reserves. And some species of trees have survived only in individual specimens. Studies to test the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment conducted in different countries give different results. In Japan, China, Korea, Mongolia and other Asian countries, where this method is traditional, success is one hundred percent. In Europe, the effectiveness of acupuncture is estimated at 20 percent, and in the US - at 50 percent. Apparently, it is very important that both patients and doctors believe in the success of the treatment. 80% of all Germans over the age of 14 read newspapers daily, and 61% subscribe to at least one newspaper at home. A consortium has been formed in the USA to develop new lead-acid batteries for cars - 36 volts instead of 12. The modern car consumes so much electricity (and will soon consume even more - up to four kilowatts) that low voltage requires too thick wires. Sociologists from the University of the Dutch city of Nijmegen checked the spelling of 200 fifteen-year-old schoolchildren. It turned out that in those classes where more than 60% are girls, boys write better than where girls are in the minority. Aarhus University in Denmark estimates that 300 species of mammals have disappeared from the face of the Earth due to human activity. A US conservation organization predicts that 27% of the 487 cities in the world surveyed by environmentalists will suffer from fresh water shortages by 2050. Domestication of animals leads to a decrease in their brain. The brain of a domestic pig is 34% smaller than that of a wild boar, and the brain of a horse is 14% smaller than the brain of its wild ancestor. As shown by a computer model of the distribution of dust particles in the air, developed by scientists from England and Switzerland, microbes raised by a whirlwind from the soil in Mexico can reach Australia. Ethologists from the University of Sussex (UK) identify 17 facial expressions in horses. Dogs have 16, orangutans have 15, and humans have 27. Japanese researchers using laser scanning from the air discovered 124 previously unknown drawings on the Nazca plateau (Peru). Italian biochemists have synthesized several types of artificial prions - proteins that can multiply in the body and cause disease. A person who smoked when they were young but quit tobacco by middle age will add about 10 years to their life. In the venom of the black mamba, French researchers found proteins called mambalgins. They relieve pain better than morphine. Trials are still ongoing on animals. HelpAge International has assessed the conditions in which people over 60 live in different countries. Conclusion: it is best to spend old age in Norway, Sweden or Switzerland, and the hardest life for old people is in Afghanistan, Mozambique and Palestine. Italian biochemists have found anti-cancer properties in saccharin. The saccharin molecule attaches to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase IX, which is found only in cancer cells and stimulates their growth, and blocks this enzyme. A new medicine is being prepared on the basis of saccharin. The European record for the consumption of antibiotics is held by France, Greece and Spain, where these medicines are spent per capita almost three times more than in Holland and Scandinavia. The second commodity in the world in terms of annual turnover after oil is coffee. Mankind drinks 600 billion cups of this drink a year. In southern countries, about 25 million people make their living from coffee. 99,86% of the entire mass of the solar system is enclosed in the Sun. There are currently about 4300 artificial satellites in orbit around the Earth. Of these, 72% do not work - they have served their time or are damaged. According to estimates by American geneticists from the University of Kansas, all Indian tribes descended from about 250 people who once penetrated from Siberia to America through the isthmus of land, which was on the site of the Bering Strait. In Antarctica, the largest colony of Adélie penguins was discovered from satellites - about 1,5 million birds. As of April 2018, the number of varieties of seeds received by the storage of the gene pool of agricultural plants on the island of Svalbard was 1 accessions.
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