General information about inks. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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General information about inks. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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Preparation ink is not associated with factory equipment, and therefore in small industries it is possible to successfully produce inks that meet all the requirements for them. Old barrels or vats can serve as dishes, copper or iron cauldrons both for making ink and for filtering, and, finally, glass bottles are needed into which ready-made ink is poured. Ink

In addition to ordinary writing inks, special inks are also produced for copying, hectograph, glass, drafting, linen marks, etc. The production of inks can also include the manufacture of inks for typewriters, stamp pads, etc., since they are in their composition similar to ink.

All manufactured inks must meet the following requirements. They should not act corrosively on the pen, should not give sediment in the inkwell, should not contain highly toxic substances. The ink should flow easily from the pen and be free of insoluble solids so that the finest line can be drawn. In addition, they must be durable and must not be moldy.

The ink currently in use (1925) can be divided into two groups. The largest and most important group is formed by black inks containing tannic acid. The inks of the second group do not contain tannic acids in their composition.

The ink of the first group is still the most widely used and, moreover, the cheapest. They are prepared mainly from tannic and gallic acids or from substances containing tannin.

Solutions of tannins with iron salts give a colored liquid, which is the basis for numerous simple and cheap recipes for all kinds of inks. Of the tannins of plant origin, ink nuts, knopers, bark of horse chestnut, willow and pine, Persian berries (Avignon pear), blackthorn, etc. are most often used for this purpose.

Ink nuts are painful growths on oak leaves that result from a prick of a gall wasp.

Knopers are also painful growths on the calyxes of oak acorns. The cheapest is the use of tanning bark, used and re-dried. Such bark contains a sufficient amount of tannin to prepare ink.

In the manufacture of ink, the main work is the preparation of extracts of tannin obtained from the raw material with the help of water; at present, however, factory-made tannic extracts are often used, as well as chemically pure tannic acid. Tannin, found commercially as a yellowish-white or brownish powder, is quite suitable for making small quantities of ink.

The water used for the manufacture of ink should not contain foreign impurities, which, with tannins, can form insoluble compounds. It is best to use rain, snow or distilled water. As thickeners for the preparation of ink, glycerin, gum arabic, gelatin, dextrin, etc. are used. To protect against mold, carbolic acid, salicylic acid, creosote, etc. are used.

With the development of the colorful aniline industry, the production of ink has been simplified to the extreme. By simply dissolving an appropriate aniline dye in water, ink of any shade is obtained, the proportions of the dye being determined depending on the desired intensity of one or another color of the ink.

To improve the quality of ink, ink, etc., it is recommended to add to coloring liquids small amounts of aliphatic volatile organic compounds that contain at least 4 carbon atoms per molecule, such as valeric or caproic acid, alcohol, ether and ketones.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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Coffee hurts shopping 22.06.2022

People spend a lot of money while shopping, not only because they do it on an empty stomach and do not make a list, but also because they use caffeine.

If you're trying to cut down on impulse buying, a new study by experts has found that you should definitely refrain from drinking coffee.

A study by the University of South Florida found that caffeine affects not only what you buy, but also how much money you spend when shopping. The team of scientists conducted the experiment in retail stores, an industry that increasingly adds coffee shops near entrances.

In their study, experts found that shoppers who drank a cup of caffeinated coffee before going shopping spent about 50% more money and bought almost 30% more goods than those who drank decaffeinated coffee or water.

During the experiment, scientists installed coffee machines at the entrance to retail stores and home improvement stores in France and department stores in Spain.

“It is important to understand that caffeine, being a powerful stimulant that releases dopamine in the brain, excites the mind and body. As a result, a person becomes incredibly energetic, impulsive and less able to control himself, which leads to many unnecessary purchases and a lot of wasted money,” the host explained. study author Dipayan Biswas of the University of South Florida.

During the experiment, scientists installed coffee machines at the entrance to retail stores and home improvement stores in France and department stores in Spain. More than 300 shoppers received a free cup of coffee upon entry. One half drank coffee containing about 100 mg of caffeine, and the other half decaffeinated or water.

Then, leaving the stores, the participants shared their receipts with the specialists. For example, the team found that people who drank caffeinated coffee bought significantly more goods and spent more money than those who drank decaffeinated coffee or water.

People who drank a cup of caffeinated coffee before going shopping spent about 50% more money.

Moreover, scientists have found that caffeine also affects what kind of goods a person buys. Those who drank caffeinated coffee bought more non-essential items, such as scented candles and perfumes. However, the difference between the two groups was minimal when it came to essential items such as kitchen utensils or storage baskets.

After conducting another experiment that dealt with online shopping, the experts got similar results. They divided 200 business school students into those who drank caffeinated coffee and those who did not, and asked them to select items from a pre-prepared list of 66 options. As a result, those who used caffeine made more impulse purchases.

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