First aid for electric shock. Release of the victim from current-carrying parts. Scheme, description

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First aid for electric shock. Release of the victim from current-carrying parts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Knowledge of safety precautions when working with electric current will allow not only to avoid electric shock, but also to provide first aid to people who have undergone such an injury. It is necessary to know the procedure for providing first, pre-medical, assistance to a victim of electric current.

Release of the victim from live parts

At a voltage of 380/220 V. First of all, you need to protect yourself. In no case should you touch exposed parts of the body or wet clothing of the victim. The first action is to urgently release the victim from the action of the current, for which you need to turn off that part of the installation that the victim touched. Everything must be done quickly, but carefully.

The way to turn off in such a situation does not matter: unscrew the safety plugs, pull the plug out of the socket, turn off the breaker. If at the same time the lighting turns off at the same time, you need to connect the lighting devices to other sources or use autonomous sources (in the dark you are unlikely to be able to help the victim). If it is impossible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, all measures are taken to separate the victim from live parts. It must be remembered that in most cases a non-letting current passes through a person. It causes involuntary convulsive contraction of the muscles of the hands. If the victim holds the wire with his hands, then the fingers are strongly compressed, and it is impossible to release the wire from his hands. Under no circumstances should excessive efforts be made to separate the victim from the chain of injury. At voltages up to 1000 V, you can approach the victim and separate him from current-carrying parts by grasping dry parts of clothing or using your dry clothing, rope, stick, board or other non-conductive object. If the victim touches a broken wire of a high-voltage line (VL), and the wire lies on the ground, then before approaching the victim, it is necessary to put a dry board, a bundle of dry clothes or some kind of dry, non-conductive stand under the feet, and separate the wire from victim with a dry board, stick. It is recommended to act on

possibilities with one hand (it is better to keep the other in your pocket). When pulling the victim by the legs, one should not touch his shoes or clothes if the helper's hands are poorly insulated, as shoes and clothes can be damp and be conductors of electric current. The person providing assistance (if he needs to touch the body of the victim) should wear dielectric gloves, wrap his hands with a scarf or use any other dry clothing.

If it is not possible to separate the victim from live parts or disconnect the electrical installation from the power source, then the wires should be cut or cut. You can use an ax if its handle is completely dry. It is necessary to cut the wires (each separately), placing the same board under them. In addition, the wires (each separately) can be cut with pliers or wire cutters with insulated handles, in extreme cases, you can use a tool with metal handles, but wrapping them in dry woolen or rubberized cloth. If an electric shock occurred on an overhead high-voltage line (VL), then you can resort to short circuiting all the wires of the VL by throwing a wire, metal cable or bare wire over them.

Another way to open the contact of the victim with the current source (Fig. 74) is to fold or pull the wires with a dry stick, pole, hook (of course, from a dielectric).

First aid for electric shock. Release of the victim from live parts
Rice. 74. Proper release of the victim from contact with the current source.

Approximately 80% of victims of electric current in the first moment lose consciousness. If, on the other hand, the person under voltage is conscious, but frightened, confused and does not know that in order to free himself from the current he needs to get off the ground, it is enough to shout sharply: "Jump!" make him do the right thing.

At a voltage above 1000 V. It is forbidden to approach the victim at a distance closer than 4-5 m indoors and 8-10 m outdoors.

Since the human body is a conductor of electric current, in no case should it be touched with unprotected hands while it is in contact with a current source (Fig. 75).

First aid for electric shock. Release of the victim from live parts
Rice. 75. Incorrect release of the victim from the effects of electric current.

To release the victim from the current, the assisting person must put on dielectric boots on his feet, dielectric gloves on his hands and act with an insulating rod or tongs designed for the appropriate voltage. These personal protective equipment is not always available. Therefore, especially in case of electric shock on the overhead line, you can resort to short circuiting all three wires of the overhead line with an uninsulated wire. Before closing the wires of the overhead line, one end of the thrown wire is grounded. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that it does not touch the victim and the people providing assistance. If the victim is at a height, then it is necessary to take measures to prevent his fall. If possible, turn off the VL. It must be borne in mind that on the line, especially if there is a cable insert, a capacitive current charge that is dangerous to human life may remain. Therefore, after turning off the overhead line, it is reliably grounded.

After the release of a person from the action of electric current, it is necessary to determine, depending on the condition of the victim, the nature of first aid within 15-20 seconds. If the victim breathes and is conscious, then it should be conveniently laid down, unbuttoned on him clothes and be sure to cover. Before the arrival of the doctor, ensure complete rest and access to clean fresh air, continuously monitoring breathing and pulse. Breathing can be checked by bringing a mirror to the mouth or nose, a shiny metal object that fogs up when breathing, or a fluff, thread, blade of grass, hair - they deviate under the influence of breathing. If the victim is unconscious, but his pulse is felt and breathing is not disturbed, he should be brought to his senses - spray his face with cold water, bring a swab moistened with ammonia to his nose.

Even if a person feels satisfactorily, he should still not be allowed to get up, much less continue to work. Electrical injury does not pass without a trace, and the absence of severe symptoms after an electric shock does not exclude the possibility of a subsequent deterioration in the victim's condition. Cases are described when the victim got up, took a few steps and fell dead.

It should be remembered that if, under the influence of an electric current, a person loses consciousness for at least a few seconds, then in 2-4 years coronary heart disease may occur. Each accident must be investigated and an appropriate report drawn up.

If the victim breathes badly (very rarely and convulsively, like a dying person) or does not breathe, he must definitely do artificial respiration and as soon as possible after the injury. You need to know that the duration of the transitional state between life and death (clinical death), which occurs from the moment of cessation of cardiac activity, respiration and continues until the body is revived, is 4-6 minutes, during which the human cerebral cortex can exist without oxygen supply. After this time, you can restore cardiac activity, breathing, but the cerebral cortex will no longer return to life. The person will not regain consciousness, and, consequently, the revival will lose all meaning. Therefore, in severe cases, if a person does not breathe or breathes very rarely and convulsively, and his pulse is not palpable or too weak, he needs to do artificial respiration in combination with indirect heart massage in order to restore the work of paralyzed organs.

Currently, in our country and abroad, the method of artificial respiration "mouth to mouth" or "mouth to nose" is used.

Author: Korshevr N.G.

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