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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
Water (saponified) shoe polishes. Simple recipes and tips
Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes Preparation water creams for shoes based on the production of durable wax soap emulsions using alkaline solutions. Before talking about the technical side of preparing aqueous creams, it must be said that these products have many disadvantages in comparison with turpentine cream: they are not resistant to cold, do not preserve the skin, do not protect it from dampness and are often covered with mold. These disadvantages can be partially eliminated by replacing 10% of water with the same amount of turpentine. The addition of paraffin increases the water resistance of the cream within certain limits, but you cannot take more than 5% of paraffin by weight of waxes and fats. The most suitable are water-based creams for colored shoes, but they need to be stored in glass jars, since water-based colored creams change their color in metal boxes; In addition, metal boxes rust, which also affects the color of aqueous colored creams. Saponified creams As for the methods for preparing aqueous creams, more knowledge and skill are required here than when making turpentine cream. Obtaining a quality-impeccable and well-bound product depends on the correct formation of emulsions; To do this, you need to study emulsification processes and practice using them. Aqueous creams cannot be called saponified in the chemical sense of the word, since they contain only small quantities of soap necessary to emulsify the waxes. Soap is either added to the mass in finished form, or is formed during the process from the action of carbonic alkali on free fatty acids found in waxes. The entire mass of socks and neutrals is not saponified. Consequently, an aqueous cream is a hardened emulsion, the stability (strength) of which depends either on soap, or on weak alkaline solutions, or, finally, on these two factors simultaneously. In the process of practical work, it is very important to have a better distribution of fats and wax in an aqueous alkaline and soap solution, which is achieved by uniformly stirring it at a temperature that is not too high, since at high temperatures fat and wax are easily released onto the surface of the solution. The correct amount of alkali needed for aqueous creams should be established by preliminary experimental testing of this raw material, and to begin experimental practice it is easier and best to add equal parts of soap and potash to the mass of the solution. If in aqueous creams 10% of water is replaced with turpentine, then the required amount of potash and soap can be halved, and when 20% of water is replaced with turpentine, the amount of soap and potash is reduced even more, bringing it to one third. To protect aqueous creams from molding, add 3 g of regular commercial formaldehyde to each kilogram of cream. Salicylic acid should not be used for preservation purposes, since it binds with alkalis. To protect tin boxes from rust, you can coat the inside with a solution of asphalt in heavy gasoline. The process of preparing aqueous creams is as follows: A mixture of waxes is loaded into a cauldron or pan and melted while stirring, trying to avoid high temperatures. Next, in the case of preparing mixed creams, add in a thin stream the amount of turpentine with which you want to replace a certain part of the water, and then add in small portions a solution of potash heated to boiling. When adding the potash solution, you need to carefully ensure that the foam released does not go over the edge; in necessary cases, they resort to precipitation by sprinkling it with water. If you use ready-made soap, you must first dissolve it in a solution of potash, which is usually prepared at ten percent. The remaining amount of water is added with the dye solution and the heating itself continues until the free acids are saponified and the release of carbon dioxide stops. Excessive heating time should be avoided and stirring should be carried out continuously in the same direction. The exact amount of water is determined experimentally, as it depends on the hardness of the waxes used. If a noticeable amount of water evaporates during the production of creams, then it should be added, but always in a heated form. At the very end, add the paint solution and stir thoroughly until a uniform soap-like mass is formed. Next, remove from the heat and continue stirring until the mass begins to thicken, which usually occurs when the mass is cooled to 50-60 °C. Then they are poured into tins or flasks, and you need to try to quickly cool the cream to avoid decomposition of the emulsion. Using the above information, as well as the availability, due to local conditions, of one or another type of raw material, you can change recipes and preparation methods at your own discretion and the experience that the production process of making aqueous shoe polishes will provide. Black water cream
The work is carried out in accordance with the instructions given above. The amount of water can be increased or decreased depending on the different types of wax. The more correctly and completely the wax is saponified, the more water it can hold. When packaged in glass jars, the cream may contain more water than when bottled. Shoe cream all colors
Aniline paints, soluble in water 2% by weight of all components Dissolve ammonium carbonate salt, soap and paint in hot water; then pour this solution in a thin stream onto the molten wax, stirring it all the time. When cooling, formalin is added. From paints, you can take any aniline paint that is soluble in water. So, for example, for black coloring you can use nigrosin, for yellow - chrysanidin, for brown - bismarckbraun, etc. The cream should be poured into jars in a warm state. Cheap cream for yellow shoes
When heating, dissolve soda in 400 g of water and add wax and paraffin in small portions. Boil until a homogeneous mass is formed, then, with constant boiling and continuous stirring, add the rest of the Water until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Tint with paint of any shade and pour into cans. Black shoe polish
Melt rosin and wax over low heat. In another vessel, potash is dissolved in half the amount of water while heating and added in small portions with constant stirring to the molten mixture of resin and waxes. Heat until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then add the heated nigrosine solution to the rest of the water while stirring. Allow to cool to 45-50 °C while stirring slowly and pour into cans. If the cream is poured into cans at a higher temperature, a matte surface is obtained. As soon as the cream begins to harden, you need to close the boxes. To increase the shine of the cream, you can replace any amount of water with the same amount of turpentine. best quality black cream
Prepared according to the above method. Paraffin shoe polish
Melt paraffin and lanolin by heating them to 100 °C. Then a solution of caustic soda is gradually added and heated for 25-30 minutes to form a uniform mass, after which carnauba wax is added and heated until the entire mass is completely mixed, adding nigrosin while stirring. Hot water is added to the end and formaldehyde is added to prevent molding. Saponified shoe polish in different colors
Melt the wax at a temperature of 100 °C. Add a solution of caustic potassium and water, after which, with constant stirring, add a strong solution of paint to obtain a cream of the desired shade. So, for example, for yellow you can take 15 g of cerotin yellow paint, for orange - a mixture of 12 g of cerotin yellow paint and 6 g of cerotin orange paint, for brown - 12 g of cerotin orange and 8 g of cerotin brown paint, for black - 20 g nigrosine. Cerotin paints and nigrosine should be taken soluble in water. Author: Korolev V.A.
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