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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
artificial rubber. Simple recipes and tips
Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes Here are some recipes artificial rubber 1st recipe For manufacture of artificial rubber vegetable oils are almost always used, especially various varieties of turnip oil (but not linseed). There are two grades of artificial rubber: white and brown. The first requires a pure white color, a dry and elastic structure, the absence of any chemically active substances and possibly a low content of sulfur and sulfur compounds. For the manufacture of white rubber, it is best to use refined rapeseed oil, and for each operation it is not necessary to take a very large amount of it, for example, no more than 30 kg. The oil is placed in a shallow vessel made of enamelled iron and 17% sulfur chloride is rubbed into it, which should not show signs of decomposition (for example, sulfur release). This operation, in order to avoid the harmful effect on breathing of sulfur chloride vapor and developing sulfuric acid, should be carried out in a well-ventilated room or, even better, in the open air. After adding the entire amount of sulfur chloride, the mixing of the mass with a wooden spatula still continues: the mass gradually darkens, loses its transparency and, when good grades of oil are used, gets a greenish tint; then it heats up and emits vapors of hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide and water; after 10-15 minutes (the slower the reaction, the better), it begins to thicken and after that it completely freezes in a minute. The hardened mass is crushed, and the pieces are passed several times through a pair of shafts, and each time the shafts approach more and more, so that after the 3-4th time the whole mass comes out thoroughly washed. The still warm composition is laid out in a thin layer on special sticks and ventilated for several weeks, until the pungent odor is completely lost. For the manufacture of white artificial rubber, at least 17% sulfur must be added to the oil; with a decrease in this proportion by only 0,5%, the mass remains sticky. If the oil is not taken of the best quality or sulfur chloride is wet, then more should be added to the latter (but not more than 18%). From this it can be seen that the weighing of sulfur must be carried out very carefully. Its proportion is determined each time empirically on a small sample (about 1 kg) of oil. Brown rubber, of which there are many varieties, is made from oil and sulfur. The best of them have a specific gravity below 1; The first place is occupied by the so-called “para francais”, which has the lowest sulfur content and has the required elasticity. For simple varieties, rapeseed oil is usually used, subjected to preliminary oxidation with air at 130-140 °C; in this operation, the oil is first heated for 24 hours without access to air to remove water, and then, when heated, a stream of air is introduced into it through a tube reaching almost to the bottom of the vessel; air treatment lasts 5-6 days, after which the oil forms beautiful rubber with 20% sulfur. The combination of oil and sulfur occurs at 160 °C in a boiler directly above the fire with constant stirring. After an hour, when all the sulfur has been distributed in the oil, stirring stops, but heating continues for another hour or two, since the chemical connection between sulfur and oil occurs very slowly. Towards the end of the reaction, the oil begins to foam and heating must be interrupted immediately; the foam is gradually removed and placed in a second vessel, where it soon hardens, after which the solid mass is processed with rollers in the cold, and not in heat, like white rubber. Instead of rapeseed oil, ricin (castor) oil is also often used, which, however, gives a lower grade rubber. For the manufacture of "floating grades" of rubber, i.e. having a specific gravity below 1, only a mixture of ricin oil with some mineral oil is suitable; thus, for example, excellent rubber is obtained by heating castor oil and sulfur with 1/3 (weight of the first) of a mixture of 5 g of light mineral oil and 1 part of paraffin. If a particularly viscous dark-colored product is required, then half of the specified mineral mixture is replaced by a mixture of 4 parts of asphalt and 1 part of paraffin, ceresin or petroleum jelly is also used instead of paraffin. 2st recipe This method consists in processing a mixture of gelatin, dichromium potassium salt and glycerin. These materials, in order to slow down the action of chrompic on gelatin, are mixed in an anhydrous state; under such conditions, said chemical action occurs so slowly that the composition can be molded or processed according to the intended purpose; after that, the chemical action can be enhanced by heating. To prepare the composition, gelatin and chrompic are taken in the form of a thin, completely dry powder in a ratio of about 10 parts of gelatin to one part of chrompic and mixed thoroughly. To this is added anhydrous glycerin, the proportion being adjusted according to the required flexibility or elasticity of the product. The composition thus obtained is molded or processed to give the product the desired size, shape or appearance and then subjected to intense heat. To facilitate molding, the composition after mixing the materials can be mixed or rolled over the rollers. If you need to increase or decrease the volume or elasticity of the product, then the composition can be mixed with any neutral substance in powder or granular form. For example, if you want to increase the volume without a corresponding increase in weight, then cork can be used as an additional material. To prepare the above composition, it is also possible to first mix powdered chromic peak with anhydrous glycerin and then add powdered gelatin. The use of components in a dry state has the following advantages: 1) there is no reduction in volume due to evaporation, since the size and weight of the manufactured item are precisely determined in advance; 2) there is no loss of time for drying or evaporation, so that items can be made in a short time; 3) chemical interaction between chrompic and gelatin, i.e. oxidation, as already mentioned, is carried out very slowly, leaving enough time for molding or other processing of the mass. 3st recipe The plastic substance used instead of rubber is known as textileoid and is obtained as follows: any oil is treated with carbon dioxide metal (mainly lead carbonate) and nitric acid; the liquid is drained, the residue is saturated with alkali, the resulting soap is decomposed with acids; the resinous material that is released is purified by dissolving in alcohol, ether, or the like. and evaporation of the solvent. The mass is then dissolved in some solvent and the following substances are mixed in (you can not dissolve, but directly mixed in): zinc oxide, magnesia, kaolin and other oxides of metals and earth, resins, cellulose (paper pulp or sawdust), nitrocellulose, albumin, gelatin, fibrin, etc. in an oxidized state. Textiloid can be given any shape, so it completely replaces rubber. It is used for dressing oilcloth, leather, linoleum, artificial amber, ivory, etc. 4st recipe With constant stirring and constant pumping of air, dissolve 1 part of old rubber (trimmings, damaged rubber goods) in 4-12 parts of oil (especially linseed) or oil residues. After complete dissolution, by settling, the undissolved parts of the mass are separated from the mass. Then a little red lead is added to the solution and evaporated until the mass becomes sticky (evaporation lasts 2-6 hours); after that it is cooled and in this form it goes on sale. This mass can be used as ordinary rubber for the manufacture of various items, for the manufacture of linoleum, and mixed with sand for tarpaulins. Author: Korolev V.A.
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