Screwdriver with clip. Drawing, description

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Screwdriver with clip. home workshop

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When assembling or dismantling a structure, when access to screws or threaded holes is difficult for other parts, a screwdriver with a grip acting like a collet pencil is very useful.

The tool consists of a handle and a rod along which a collet with petals slides. The travel of the collet tube back is limited by the stop of the rod, and forward - by the size of the screw being screwed in. To capture it, we pull the screwdriver body back, and the handle: the collet petals diverge and the working part of the screwdriver is exposed. Inserting the tip of the tool into the slot of the screw, release the case. Under the action of the spring, it will squeeze the petals of the collet with its edge, and they will shrink and hold the screw until the head begins to approach the plane to be fastened. On the last turns, the head pushes the petals holding it apart until it completely slips off - the screw is in place, the grip is released.

Collet screwdriver (click to enlarge): 1 - handle, 2 - shaft, 3 - spring, 4 - washer, 5 - body, 6 - petals, 7 - screw

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Random news from the Archive

New neurons for your brain 27.10.2014

It has long been no secret that new nerve cells appear in the adult brain, that is, the well-known phrase "nerve cells do not regenerate" is not entirely true. Of course, neurogenesis in adult mammals is not very intensive, but at least two sites are occupied in it: one in the hippocampus, the memory center, the other in the wall of the brain ventricles, in the subventricular zone. At the same time, of course, many questions remain, in particular, how the newly formed cells behave, what they do, and why the brain needs them at all.

It is known that neurons formed in the subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory tract, where they connect with local cells. The sense of smell in the life of animals plays a big role, so the need from time to time to feed the olfactory pathways with new cells is beyond doubt. But how does the insertion of new neurons take place here? Do they form new neural circuits, or do they find "vacancies" in old ones? Researchers from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (USA) tried to answer this question.

Diana M. Cummings and her colleagues modified mice so that the animals in the olfactory tract could distinguish between old cells and new, resulting from the work of "adult" stem cells. The mice were then deprived of any odors. Olfactory deprivation was supposed to lead to a disorder of neural chains in the olfactory tract of animals: neurons began to connect at random, because in the new conditions they did not need to accurately and quickly process odor information and transmit it to the brain. The orderliness of neural circuits can be restored if the ability to smell smells is restored to mice. However, as the researchers write in the Journal of Neuroscience, this did not happen if the animals did not have nerve stem cells working.

Moreover, the olfactory neural circuits became disordered even when neurogenesis was simply turned off in mice, leaving the ability to smell. The degree of disorder in cell chains was directly proportional to the activity of stem cells: that is, the more new neurons formed, the more organized the olfactory tract remained.

It would seem that something opposite could be expected - that new neurons, integrating into the olfactory tract, would add variability to the scheme of information-cellular pathways. But in fact, they serve to strengthen already existing neural circuits. Moreover, it seems that the compounds that are formed in the olfactory tract are generally not very stable, even in adulthood. And because they need constant support from new cells.

Summarizing, we can say that the brain needs new neurons in order to maintain the current structural settings of neural circuits. The details of the process are yet to be seen. New nerve cells are also formed in the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory, and here their supporting function seems even more natural - by preventing the destabilization of neural connections, new neurons can thereby prevent the memory itself from fading. However, it is unlikely that the role of newly formed neurons is reduced to any one function, even if it is such an important one. For example, earlier this year we wrote about the work of researchers from the University of Toronto (Canada), who found that new neurons affect memory in two ways: on the one hand, they improve the memorization of new information, on the other hand, they help to forget what the brain has remembered. before.

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