|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
WONDERS OF NATURE
Kungur cave. Nature miracle
In any region of Russia, there are many beautiful, interesting places where avid travelers are especially willing to go, go or swim. But there is always some one thing, the first thing that comes to mind when mentioning this region. In Karelia, this is the Kivach waterfall, in Altai - Lake Teletskoye, on the Volga - Zhiguli, in the Caucasus - Dombai glade ... And the Kungur cave is considered the most amazing miracle of nature in the Ural Mountains.
There are many caves in Russia - both mountainous and flat. And this Ural beauty does not seem to be the most outstanding of them. In Siberia and the Caucasus, in the Volga region and Sikhote-Alin, underground cavities are known, both larger and deeper than Kungur. What is the uniqueness of the "Ural miracle", why for two centuries now the flow of people has not dried up, striving to see this petrified fairy tale, hidden in the depths of the Ural mountains? The fact is that a rare combination of relief, climate and karst processes led here to the formation of a completely unusual cave. All the underground palaces of our planet are beautiful in their own way, whether in the Pyrenees or Dinars, in the Crimean mountains or in New Zealand. But the pearl of the Urals stands out from the crowd with its unusual frosty ice outfit, which has no equal in any of the famous caves in the world. The Kungur cave is located in the Middle Urals, on the right bank of the Sylva River, the most beautiful tributary of the Chusovaya River. This long, almost six hundred kilometer river originates on the eastern, Asian slope of the Urals, not far from Yekaterinburg. The only one of the Ural Rivers, it managed to cut through the ancient mountain range and through a series of rocky gorges and stone "gates" to break through to the European Plain to the wide full-flowing Kama. Once upon a time, along the Chusovaya, the planes of the glorious squad of Yermak, who was going to conquer Siberia, were rising. And since the time of Peter the Great, when the Demidov factory workers laid the foundation for the Ural metallurgy, the Chusovaya became a working river. For two centuries it was the main transport route through the Urals, and Chusovaya carried millions of pounds of iron, cast iron and copper to the Kama piers. Before the advent of railways, up to five hundred barges were sent annually from the Ural factories down the river to Perm. During the spring flood they transported seven million poods of metal. Five hundred kilometers of rafting on a stormy river, the caravan passed in five or six days. Dozens of dangerous cliffs - Oleniy, Vysokiy, Robber and others, hundreds of pitfalls, rifts and rapids, where the current speed reached thirty kilometers, were waiting for the rafters. Dozens of barges crashed every year on Chusovaya, people and valuable cargo perished... The Sylva River flows into the Chusovaya on the left just before its confluence with the Kama, near the city of Perm. And two hundred kilometers above the mouth of the Sylva stands the ancient town of Kungur, founded almost four centuries ago as a fortress to repel robber raids from the Siberian Khanate. The surroundings of Kungur are rich in sights. Fifty kilometers to the south of it lies the Klyuchi resort, famous for its healing hydrogen sulfide waters. Back in the XNUMXth century, the Cherdyn governor wrote about them to Tsar Ivan the Terrible, as about "a miracle, as if beating from the ground." A little further, on Mount Dubovoy, is the Nizhneirginskaya oak grove - the northernmost in the Urals, and throughout Russia. In the middle of the grove is cut by the Yulaikin log, in which, according to legend, Pugachev's associate Salavat Yulaev stayed with his detachment. And in the old industrial village of Suksun, where the first iron steamer in Russia was once built, there is a building on a hill that is completely unusual for the Urals - a palace resembling a medieval castle. This whim of the eccentric millionaire Kaminsky has been decorating the local landscape for a hundred years, invariably attracting the attention of travelers. But the main thing that brought fame and fame to Kungur is, of course, its famous ice cave. Passing through a small, typically Ural wooden town, and then across the fast Sylva bridge, you find yourself in front of the building of the karst research station of the Ural branch of the Academy of Sciences. Its scientists have been studying the cave for more than half a century and know every corner of it. And the very first plan of the Kungur cave was drawn up, they say, by the envoy of Peter the Great - the cartographer and engineer Semyon Remezov. After all, the existence of an underground miracle in Kungur was already known in the time of Yermak, who, according to legend, stopped there with his detachment on the way to Siberia. The total length of the studied part of the Kungur cave reaches six kilometers. It is believed that the unexplored passages are at least twice as long. There are fifty-eight grottoes and about sixty lakes in the cave. The peculiarity of the Kungur cave is that it was formed not in limestone, like most of its sisters, but in soft plaster, and its inclined passages, polished by thousands of feet, became slippery like a skating rink. Because of this, in some places it was necessary to cut down steps and make handrails. A forty-meter tunnel leads from the surface into the bowels of the Ice Mountain, which contains a unique cave. The very first grotto - Diamond - makes a person who first got here literally dumbfounded. Just now he was standing on the green slope of the valley warmed by the summer sun, admiring the ridges covered with taiga, and suddenly, two minutes later, he found himself ... in the middle of winter! A truly winter cold breathed into my face, and the stone vaults from top to bottom are decorated with snow curtains and intergrowths of snow crystals, similar to the leaves and flowers of fantastic plants. And a little further, in the depths, icicles-stalactites hang down like a glass rain, ice stalagmites stand like white candles. All this, skillfully illuminated by lilac, orange, green, yellow rays of invisible spotlights, glistens, sparkles, shimmers with iridescent multicolor. In the beams of spotlights, ice crystals sparkle with crystal facets, dazzling sparks reflect openwork snowflakes. Diamond is especially beautiful in March-April. Having passed a twenty-meter sparkling hall, you find yourself in a corridor leading to the coldest grotto of the cave - Polar. He meets with huge ice streaks, bizarre blocks of ice. And in the northeastern part of the grotto, an ice column-stalagmite rises up. Behind him, an icy "waterfall" slides down from a rocky ledge. Stepping on large stone slabs, travelers pass through a gloomy underground corridor to Dante's grotto. Silence, a chaotic heap of stones, silhouettes of fantastic monsters resemble the picture of hell painted by Dante in the Divine Comedy. The next grotto is the Crypt. This is one of the smallest underground halls of the cave, its area is only eighty square meters. They say that once there was a hermit's hut. But the water constantly dripping from the ceiling, in alliance with the frost, eventually covered the cell with an ice shell, walling up the hermit's dwelling. The oblong Grotto Cross, on the contrary, impresses with its size, reaching a length of one hundred meters. A vertical channel - a "pipe" - goes up from the grotto, a group of stalagmites has formed under it. The Grotto of the Ruins of Pompeii has two halls with a total length of eighty meters and a width of up to thirty-five meters. Falls of stone blocks on the floor of the grotto really resemble ancient ruins. This is the last cold grotto on the way to the underground lake. The fact is that in winter, cold air moves from the entrance into the depths of the cave, and in summer - vice versa. Therefore, the part of the cave closest to the entrance is always the coldest. After the Ruins of Pompeii, the traveler enters the Sculpture Grotto. Its openwork hall seems to have been created by the hand of a skilled sculptor-stonemason. This water, seeping through the thickness of the gypsum, formed the finest stone lace. A fifteen-meter corridor leads from the Sculpture to the Meteor Grotto. In the center of it is a large scree of fallen stone blocks. Illuminated in a special way, it gives the impression of a rapidly falling meteorite. From here, through a narrow passage, you can get into the Coral Reef grotto, where gypsum growths resemble fused corals. Finally, a slippery sloping corridor, where you have to be extremely careful, leads down to the Central Grotto. From here, through the damp, gloomy and frightening Ethereal grotto, tourists head to the main attraction of the Kungur cave - the Titanic Grotto, also called the Grotto of Friendship of Peoples. In the middle of a huge underground hall, a large lake with an area of one thousand one hundred square meters and a depth of up to three meters gleams dimly in the rays of lanterns. Boating is available on the lake. But you will hardly want to swim in it: after all, the temperature of its water is only five degrees. Behind the lake, a rarely visited part of the cave begins, unlit and not equipped for excursions. Scientists are working here, assisted by speleologists who discover new passages and grottoes. There are several picturesque halls bearing the names Long, Giant, Vyshka. But the largest Grotto of Geographers in the Kungur cave is especially interesting. It reaches 155 meters in length and contains several small lakes. Here, on the walls, there are sparkling crystals of a semi-precious variety of gypsum - selenite. The titanic grotto is connected by an artificial eighteen-meter tunnel to the Khlebnikov grotto. From here, tourists through the grottoes of Atlantis and Geologists get into the grotto of Dante, already familiar to them, located not far from the exit from the cave. Coming to the surface, travelers usually do not miss the opportunity to climb Ledyanaya Mountain and admire the beautiful view of the Sylva Valley. On the slopes of the mountain you can see traces of karst processes - funnels, depressions and failures. They help to understand the history of the cave, which was formed after the retreat of the Perm Sea, which deposited layers of gypsum at the bottom. Water, penetrating through cracks in gypsum layers, dissolved sedimentary rocks and created underground cavities. She continues this work to this day. But, leaving the Kungur cave and going on long journeys across the Urals - to the legendary Chusovaya, the fast rapids of Usva, the taiga Vizhay, the picturesque two-headed mountain Kolpaki or the Basegi ridge, the traveler will probably remember not the pages of geological history, but the sparkling ice stalactites of Brilliantovoye and the quiet , like an enchanted, dark surface of the lake in the Titanic grotto. And then, most likely, he will be attracted to other caves, of which there are so many in the Middle Urals. But even the new underground wonders seen there, such as the fifteen-meter waterfall of the Pashiyskaya cave or the ice candelabra and curtains of the Ust-Atavskaya cave on Yuryuzan, will not overshadow the memory of the snow-white walls of the Polar and primeval chaos of blocks of Dante's grotto. Author: B.Wagner
Artificial leather for touch emulation
15.04.2024 Petgugu Global cat litter
15.04.2024 The attractiveness of caring men
14.04.2024
▪ Bear Eve ▪ Replacement of experimental animals with organelles ▪ Samsung S34E790CN Concave Monitor ▪ Leisure time has a detrimental effect on a person
▪ site section Parameters of radio components. Article selection ▪ article Legal support of ecological control. Basics of safe life ▪ article What is the Great Migration of Nations? Detailed answer ▪ article Motosani Penguin. Personal transport ▪ article VHF converter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page