Forest fire. Tourist tips

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Forest fire. Tourist tips

Tourist tips

Per se fire in the forest cannot arise, an external cause is always needed, for example, lightning. Sometimes you can find references to spontaneously combustible plants that release a large amount of ether on a hot day, but most often the cause of forest fires is the ill-conceived actions of people: a thrown cigarette butt, an unextinguished fire, needles that have fallen on a car exhaust pipe, etc. list can be long.

Fires in the forest are grassroots, underground (peat) and riding. Ground fires are the most frequent. At the same time, the lower parts of trees, grass, deadwood, and protruding roots burn. The speed of propagation of a ground fire is from 1 to 3 meters per minute, the height of the flame is from half a meter to one and a half meters. At a speed of 3-4 meters per minute, the fire grows into a large one in 10-14 hours. The maximum speed of fire spread is 0.5 -1 km per hour.

In strong winds, the fire can spread to the tops of trees. Such a fire is already called riding. It moves along the crowns of trees at a speed of 5 to 100 or more meters per minute, i.e. 40 km/h or more. The wind carries burning branches and sparks that set fire to the forest tens of meters ahead and create new fires.

Peat fires move slowly, several meters a day, are characterized by the fact that they are practically impossible to extinguish, dangerous by unexpected bursts of fire from an underground hearth and by the fact that its edge is not always noticeable and you can fall into burnt peat. A sign of an underground fire is the characteristic smell of burning, in some places smoke oozes from the soil, the earth itself is hot.

Because the speed of a ground fire is low; for life, it does not pose a great danger; in most cases, it is easy to get away from it. You will get to a safe place faster if you move to the windward side, perpendicular to the edge of the fire, and preferably in places where the fire has little food: along clearings, roads, clearings, banks of streams and rivers. If you start to choke on the smoke, then you can lie down on the ground and catch your breath a little, since the air below, in the grass, is much cleaner. In case of strong smoke, the mouth and nose should be covered with some kind of wet rag. If things are really bad, you can try to run across the front, while trying to run without breathing so as not to burn your lungs.

In autumn and spring, forest fires are, unfortunately, a common thing. The science of forest fires - forest pyrology - in Russia year after year accumulates a huge amount of scientific material. Among the catastrophic fires of recent years, one can name the natural disaster of 1972, when forest and peat fires engulfed more than a dozen regions of the central part of Russia.

In 1976, in the Khabarovsk Territory, fire destroyed not only the forest over a huge area, but also completely - 11 villages, partially - 19 other settlements. 1987 - the area of forest fires in the Chita region - more than 90 thousand hectares. 1989 - the forests of Sakhalin almost burned out. 1990 - the area of fires in the forests of the Irkutsk region - about 300 thousand hectares.

It is better to eliminate the fire in the "embryo".

A small fire can be stopped on your own even without special means, which should be remembered, even making a fire for barbecue. It is necessary to take a bunch of branches 1-2 meters long or a whole small tree with a dense crown and start to overwhelm the fire, sweeping it towards the source of the fire, to the already burnt out area. If you don’t feel sorry for the boots, small flames can be trampled underfoot.

Another common technique is to throw earth at the edge of the fire. First, taking the soil on a shovel, it is necessary to bring down the flame, then make a continuous strip of soil several centimeters thick and up to half a meter wide. One person in half an hour can thus fill up about 20 meters of the edge of the fire.

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