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Bonfire types. Travel Tips
For getting a flame tinder is best used, as it can be used any material that ignites from a single spark, for example, crushed dry mushrooms, fluffed cotton wool, burnt cotton cloth, fine dust produced by wood borers, as well as the contents of bird nests. Very good and convenient tinder is obtained from the macerated end of a cotton rope. After it starts to smolder, it is easy to inflate it, and then you can safely engage in making a fire, such tinder will smolder until it is extinguished. After the tinder is engaged, you can begin to kindle kindling. The most flammable objects are added first, then larger and larger ones. When stable combustion is obtained, you can begin to fold the fire of the desired design. Design bonfire is chosen depending on what is needed at the moment - to warm up, cook food, dry clothes or shoes, spend the night. It should be remembered that the fire warms only the surfaces facing it, so it will be useful to take care of the reflective walls. The reflective wall not only reflects heat, but also causes the smoke to rise up. With the help of such a wall, the heating of the shelter built for spending the night is improved. A small fire is easier to build and maintain than a large one. Several small fires arranged in a circle will give more heat in cold weather than one large one. For heating, the fire is made larger, for cooking - smaller. Maintaining a fire requires less effort than making a new one. Quite often at night the fire has to be extinguished. In this case, cover the coals with ash. In the morning they will still smolder, and you will easily fan the fire. Bonfire type "Hut"
The simplest and most common type of fire. This type of campfire is good for both cooking and campfire warmth and lighting. Increasingly thicker logs and sticks are placed obliquely on the kindling, and a hole is left between them from the side of the wind. The result is something similar to a hut. This fire is very voracious and requires constant feeding with portions of firewood, it burns hot. Bonfire type "Asterisk"
An economical type of fire that requires hardwood logs. They are laid out in the form of a star, and as they burn, they are advanced to the center. Good for sustaining a fire for a long time without constantly laying boughs. Such a fire is indispensable at night: it is enough only from time to time to move the logs to the center. Bonfire "Well" (logs folded in a log house)
The most common and simplest type of fire. Gives a low and wide flame. It is indispensable if you need to cook food in a large bowl, dry wet clothes. Firewood in which is laid like a log house. In the "well" fuel burns more slowly than in the "hut" a lot of coals are formed, which create the high temperature necessary for quick cooking and drying clothes. Nodia
Used for sleeping in cold weather. It is necessary to cut down 3 dead spruce logs with a diameter of about 30 cm, up to 3 m long, and chop them on one side in full length. Put two logs side by side, in the gap between them, kindle a flammable material (thin dry twigs, birch bark), after which the third log is placed on top so that their hewn surfaces face one another. The node flares up slowly, but it will burn all night and does not require adjustment. Although, if necessary, the heat can be slightly adjusted by pushing or sliding the lower logs. A node can also be made from two logs laid on top of each other. In this case, in order for them not to fall, a pair of stakes must be driven in from both ends. It is more convenient to kindle a node by using coals from a fire, evenly scattering them over the entire upper surface of the lower log. Taiga bonfire
The most convenient for sheds (the log lies along the shed, 2-4 thinner logs are placed star-shaped with ends on it, on the leeward side opposite to the shed). As they burn, they are moved, and it is also suitable for an overnight stay without a canopy; Campfire with reflector
From the leeward side, two stakes are driven in with a slope of 70-80 °, and several raw tree stumps 0,7 m long are placed horizontally one on top of the other to a height of 1-1 m. The tent is set up 1-2 m from the fire; Safe night fire
This type of fire is designed to keep the fire burning all night with minimal risk of logs falling out of it. It can be built with a heat reflector mounted on one side of the fire. The logs should be stacked in such a way that there is not a large gap between them for air, then the flame will be low, and two logs laid at an angle along the edges will not allow the fire to spread. Bonfire type "Pyramid"
Lay two logs parallel to one another, and across a row of logs - this will be the base. Place smaller logs on top and so on until there are very small logs on top, on which you place kindling and light a fire. The fire will gradually go down. Such a fire burns for a long time, and it can be used as a night fire. Bonfire "Polynesian"
Invisible and gives a lot of coals and ash. For such a fire, a hole is dug, its walls are lined with stones (or coated with clay), and a fire is lit at the bottom. If possible, a place for it should be chosen under an overhanging rock or a dense crown of a tree - in this case, it will be invisible not only from the sides, but also from above. The fire does not require a lot of firewood. In order for the firewood in the fire to burn well and not smoke, it is necessary to dig another hole nearby with a narrow channel to the fire for air access. Campfires for cooking trench fire
Dig a trench measuring 30 x 90 cm and a depth of 30 cm, taking into account that the bottom of the trench should be lined with stones. Light a fire on the rocks. Even if the fire goes out, the stones will remain hot enough to fry food on them. The spit, placed over the coals, allows you to bake meat or fish. Burrow fire Dig a hole about 45 cm deep in the slope of a dense earth embankment. Insert a stick from above so that it goes into the hole, and move it slightly to make a chimney hole. Remove crumbled earth from the hole. This fire is ideal for smoking meat and fish. Light a fire in the hole. In case of strong wind, the hole leading to the fire chamber should be on the leeward side, Bonfire "hearth" In the mountains, where it is difficult to dig a hole, you need to make a hearth out of stones, leaving a hole on the windward side for air to flow. A similar fire can be made in the steppe from cut pieces of turf. signal fires Fires are used for signaling at night, giving a lot of light, smoke is better visible during the day, and in winter it is black, and in summer it is white. Bonfire "Pioneer" Similar to a fire hut, only much higher. The longest sticks, which are located on the outside of the fire, should be 1,5-2 meters long. The fire quickly flares up, gives a very high flame, but quickly burns out and falls apart. smoke fire First, an ordinary fire is lit, giving a strong stream of rising air, for example, a "hut" and when it flares up well, start putting damp branches into it, preferably conifers, and grass. As a result, you will get a column of former smoke. To obtain black smoke, it is necessary to use resin, petroleum products, rubber.
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