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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Collapsible inflatable sailing catamaran. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air Fans of water tourism, living far from large water bodies: rivers, lakes and seas, in order to go sailing, need to deliver the boat itself to the "big water". And for this, it must already be mobile by design: folding or disassembling. I faced a difficult task - to build a capacious, reliable, stable, even seaworthy watercraft of small mass, which could be transported in a compartment of a railway car and in public transport. Although Moscow is a port of five seas, getting to any of them, even by car, is not at all easy. In addition, the car forces you to plan a trip along a closed route (you have to return to it), which is not always desirable. So I came to the conclusion that it is necessary to build a collapsible sailing catamaran on inflatable floats. The idea, in general, is not new (he had already built more than one before), but with a creative approach to business, each subsequent design turns out to be original. Starting a story about a catamaran with inflatable floats and sailing rigs of the "Bermuda sloop" type, I note that it was designed and built with the expectation of using modern, but generally available and relatively inexpensive materials, based on both my own experience and the experience of others. The catamaran was constantly modernized. The shortcomings that manifested themselves in water trips (sometimes their length was several hundred kilometers) were eliminated in the off-season. However, the design was improved and re-equipped without radical alterations, since the ship was basically designed and built correctly. The catamaran is equipped with almost all types of propulsion used on the water: sail, outboard motor and oar. The main one, of course, is the sail. The outboard motor is used only in dead calm or headwind, and the oar is used in shallow water - as a pole or as a stroke for maneuvering in cramped conditions. The floats of the catamaran (and there are, of course, two of them) are inflatable, two-chamber with a longitudinal partition and additional lining of the lower part. They are made (cut and glued) of "ferrari" material with a thickness of only 0,5 millimeters and a density of 650 g / m2, a roll width of 2700 mm - a synthetic (PVC) airtight film with a fabric base. The material is strong enough, and its front side is very smooth. Each float is glued with "Urmono" glue from three separately cut canvases, and the patterns are almost the same (if you do not take into account the allowances for the seams). Two canvases are shells of the float, and the third is a partition forming two chambers in the normal (inflated) state. The state is called normal when both chambers of the float are inflated, and its shells (upper and lower) do not let air through. In this case, the partition is in the "indifferent" state. If one of the shells turns out to be accidentally damaged and air escapes from the chamber through a puncture, then the partition under air pressure from the other chamber will take the position of the damaged one, after pumping the surviving one. There is also a fourth canvas. It is used as a lining of the bottom front of the float to the midships. The floats are spindle-shaped - smooth contours and round sections along the entire length, which ensures low hydrodynamic resistance. Approximately two-thirds of the length from the bow (slightly going beyond the mast) is the midsection and the center of magnitude and the point of application of the Archimedean force are located. One important point: the upper float chamber is 200 mm shorter than the lower one. And in this place the "tail" of the partition is glued only to the upper shell. Here, additional overlays of air valves are glued to it, one - before the partition, the other - after. Each float has three valves. Two - stern (it has already been said about them) serve both for pumping air when preparing the catamaran for sailing, and for releasing air from the chambers when the float is rolled into a roll. The third valve, located on top of the float near its midship, is used for pumping the upper chamber from the deck in case of damage to the lower chamber directly on the water and on the move. In this case, not only the catamaran, but also the damaged float remains afloat. A little about the manufacturing technology (pattern and gluing) of canvases into floats.
Note. * In the side view, the left float is conditionally not shown, the sails are in the diametrical plane. ** In the top view, the sailing rig is not conventionally shown. *** In the front view, the sails are in accordance with the gybe. We mark the canvases according to the theoretical drawing, rolling out a roll of material on the floor and fixing it with double-sided tape. Stepping back from the longitudinal edge of the material by a quarter of the circumference defined on the midsection of the float, we draw the center line. It is desirable that it coincides with the shared thread of the fabric base of the material. On the axial we set aside a segment equal to the generatrix of the float. In the planned sections along the diameter of the float, we calculate the circumference and set aside its fourth part, first in one direction from the axial one, and then in the other. We connect the obtained points with a curved line using a flexible rail. According to the markup, we cut out a blank with ordinary scissors (this will be a jumper), and along it - one more - for another float. Having laid the first (or second) of the patterns on the material, with an allowance of 20 mm, we cut out the next blank (top sheet), and along it - another one for the second float. According to the last blank, we cut out the third pair, increasing the allowance by another 5 mm.
We begin gluing with the top sheet and the partition, carefully cleaning the edges to be joined with white spirit. In this case, the upper canvas should be at the bottom. We glue the "tail" of the partition to the upper canvas, not reaching 200 mm to its end. After applying the adhesive to the cleaned edges, allow it to dry (about 20 minutes at room temperature). Then we bend the allowances of the upper canvas and put it on the edges of the partition smeared with glue. It is important to ensure that there are no wrinkles. Then, heating the seams with a hairdryer, roll them with a roller or squeeze them in some other way. After that, we turn the gluing over and lay it on the bottom sheet, facing the smooth side down (this will be the bottom of the float) - and the gluing operation is repeated. Finally, on the last seam, to ensure the tightness of the float, we glue another strip of sticky polyethylene film 50 mm wide. The quality of the seams turned out to be such that when trying to separate them with a pair of pliers, the fabric itself was torn and stratified, and not the seam. In order to increase the survivability of the catamaran, the front halves of the underwater chambers of the floats are dressed in a "skin" - another layer of the same fabric. The lining protects the lower shell from abrasion in shallow water or when pulling the catamaran ashore, and also, to some extent, from damage from underwater obstacles or the bottom of the reservoir. The "sheathing" was already glued to the finished and inflated float. At the same time, pockets for stringers and drawstrings for cables were glued. Power set. Although the catamaran relies on floats, which are comparable in performance to inflatable mattresses, it, like most other watercraft, has a power pack. The design of the power set is elastic-rigid, or it can be called a beam-rope. Before describing the elements of the power set, I note that all of them are made according to the same principle: the ability to access them in a passenger railway car and even urban public transport. Specifically, this resulted in the fact that all long elements were divided into parts with a length of 2200 mm (or a smaller remainder). So, for example, an 8-meter mast is made up of four parts (elbows): three - 2,2-meter and one - 1,4 m. groove in the knee. The grooves and bolts in one elbow are rotated by 90° relative to the other.
Longitudinal power elements - stringers are made of a duralumin pipe with an outer diameter of 60 mm (wall thickness 2 mm). After they are mounted on the floats (joining the knees and mounting on the frames), the ends of each stringer are pulled together by two cables laid in the drawstrings (special seams-pockets) on the sides of the floats, and these longitudinal power elements take the form of a gentle arc. The same cables are threaded into the grooves in the lower ends of the supports, thus connecting the power set with the floats. Stands for stringers (let's call them frames) have the shape of trestles and are made of a duralumin pipe with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 1,5 mm. The top of the legs is fastened with a collar, which is inserted into the stringer and clamped with a screw. In the middle part, the legs are connected by a coupler, curved along the radius of the float shell, which is the support that transfers the pressure of the structure to the float fixed between the legs. A figured groove is propylene from the bottom of the legs in the legs - a cable is inserted into it, which connects the float with the power frame of the catamaran and fixes the position of the float between the legs. The outer (front and rear) stands are slightly smaller than the average ones.
The stringers are interconnected by a bridge of several transverse beams. The front (bow) of them is made of the same pipe as the stringers (60 mm in diameter), while the rest are made of a duralumin pipe with a diameter of 80 mm. In this case, the bow beam is raised above the stringers on the pillars in order to avoid overlapping with the oncoming wave, and the next three are docked directly with the stringers at the ends. The stern beam is laid on top of the stringers. This is also done with the aim of lifting it above the waves. True, this beam can only be called a stern beam, rather it is just a rear (or last), since it is not at all on the stern. For the installation of the steering gear and the outboard motor, a longitudinal cantilever beam was used. If a wave reaches it, it will not show much hydraulic resistance and the speed of the catamaran will not decrease. Additionally, the beams are also connected by struts to the frames, on which the stringers rest. Each beam consists of two parts: 2,2 m and residual length (it is different for the bow, middle and stern beams). The undermast beam bears the greatest load. He, like the others, is composite. And it was decided to strengthen it with a device called a spruit. This device is an under-mast (beam) rack, held on three cable braces. Two stretch marks are diagonal (they connect the bow of one stringer and the stern of the other), and the third (transverse) passes under the beam, its ends are attached to the stringers. The cables are passed into the holes of the plug part ("spider"). Thus, part of the load from the mast with sails from the beam is redistributed to the stringers.
Catamaran sails, mainsail and staysail are purchased products. Therefore, I will not describe the technology of their manufacture. But I sewed the deck (or rather, glued it) myself using the same technology as the floats (it is also made of Ferrari material). The deck is a rectangular single-layer panel, edged with a strip folded in half along the length of the same material (only a different color). Drawstrings - narrow sleeves - are left unglued along the perimeter of the deck - aluminum tubes of small diameter are inserted into them when assembling the catamaran. And along the tubes in the edging, small holes are melted with a hot soldering iron at regular intervals (about 150 mm), through which the deck is laced to the stringers and beams. The deck has a mast hole edged with the same material. And between this mast hole and the rear edge of the deck, a sail and catamaran control unit is riveted in the middle - a stainless steel plate with several plastic stoppers. The mast is made of a dural tube with a diameter of 80 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. She, as already mentioned, is detachable and consists of four knees: a mizzen-mast (lower), above - a topmast and a bram-topmast, and the last - a bom-bram topmast. A spur bushing is pressed into the lower end of the mizzen mast, with which it is installed on the steps of the spruit, and a little higher, a hole was made to bring the halyard out. The mast is fastened with four shrouds, the upper ends of which are fixed to the earring at a height of 5,5 m. Stern shrouds - branched. One of the branches is hooked to the bolt connecting the mast beam with the stringer, and the other branch is hooked to the bolt fastening the stringer and the stern beam.
The mast is installed with an inclination back from 5 to 12 degrees. To the mast along its entire height (to each knee) is attached a latch for the luff of the sail-mainsail, with a lyktros sewn into it, and a block for the halyard is mounted on the bom-bram-topmast. A little lower on the mast, on the earring, a block is suspended for hooking the cable of the sail-staysail sheet. The rudder and daggerboard are of the same type, the material is also the same: duralumin sheet 1 mm thick. From it, the spars are also bent in the form of a channel. The walls are interconnected with rivets with countersunk heads. The steering wheel is fixed at the rear end of the cantilever longitudinal beam. The rudder tiller is quite long, and it is made with a universal joint (for ease of control). On the same cantilever beam, only in its front part, the centerboard is also fixed. To increase seaworthiness, a breakwater is arranged on the bow of each float, consisting of a frame and a cover. The frame is a stem mounted on the front end of the stringer, and beams connecting its upper end to the front cross beam. The cover has the shape of a triangular bag, all sewn from the same Ferrari material. The lower edges of the cover are with drawstrings: cables are inserted into them, pulling the ends of the stringer together - they tightly press the edges of the cover to the sides of the floats.
I inflate the cylinders with an ordinary boat rubber pump ("frog"). But it is also possible with an automobile electric one, powered by the on-board network of the car, if the catamaran is transported to the launch site by car. I didn’t measure the pressure in the floats, but I define its sufficiency as follows: when I stand on the balloon myself, it hardly misses. The catamaran has a mass of about 165 kg. When disassembled, it fits into four packages, the dimensions of each of which do not exceed those with which you can easily get into public transport and into a passenger train car. The mass of a separate package is a little more (or less) 40 kg, and it is not difficult to transfer it with two or even one. It is best to assemble a catamaran with three people. It takes about three hours to assemble it. I recently purchased a 2 hp Yamaha outboard motor for a catamaran. For him, he made a small and simple stretcher, attaching it on hinges to the stern beam a little to the left of the rudder.
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