Economic bike. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Economic bike. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Almost all bicycle drive designs have a common drawback that reduces their efficiency. This vice consists in the uneconomical expenditure of muscular energy when changing efforts from one leg to another while the pedals pass through the "dead spots" (the vertical position of the connecting rods). Most of the muscular effort at this moment is directed to the axis of rotation of the pedals and does not so much useful work as it increases the wear of the carriage bearings. It is not for nothing that cyclists remove the connecting rods from a vertical position before starting to move. As a result, the working stroke begins with a partial loss of muscle energy, which causes premature fatigue of the cyclist.

The proposed improvement of the bicycle drive eliminates this drawback, allowing lovers of long trips to ride in an economical mode, rationally using muscle energy, expending it almost like during normal walking.

To do this, the drive design uses a device for interrupting the interaction of the connecting rods with the drive sprocket, which ensures free and fast passage of the connecting rods with sector pedals near the "dead spots" due to inertia.

A general view of the bicycle drive design with an inertial interrupting device is shown in Figure 1, where the connecting rods 1 (with pedals) mounted on the carriage shaft 2 have a movable (sliding) connection with the drive sprocket 3 due to the interaction of spikes made on the sleeve 4, fixed on the right connecting rod, and diametrical grooves - on the drive sprocket 3. The grooves allow the connecting rods to quickly pass the ineffective zone, and the bending helical spring 5 softens the blow at the end of their free travel.

"Economical" bike drive (click to enlarge): 1 - modified right crank with pedal; 2 - carriage shaft; 3 - modified chain drive sprocket; 4 - bushing (steel 30KhGSA, circle 55); 5 - torsion spring (carbon wire Ø 5); 6 - spring limiter (soft wire Ø 4); 7 - drive chain; 8 - drive sprocket; 9 - wedge fastening the connecting rod on the shaft; 10 - guide washer (steel, sheet s3); 11 - fastening the washer to the sleeve (M4 screw, 3 pcs.); 12 - carriage assembly

As can be seen from the drive figure, only the connection of the drive sprocket with the right crank is subject to a structural change, so such a drive can be made on any bicycle model.

To do this, a sleeve with protrusions is made from steel 30KhGSA according to the drawing, pos. 4, which is welded to the connecting rod removed from the carriage shaft and modified in accordance with the drawing pos. 1. The drive sprocket is also being finalized - grooves are made in it for the protrusions of the sleeve. The spring is made "cold" from carbon wire with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm and contains one incomplete coil. The ends of the spring can be bent at home after heating the bend of the wire over a gas burner. The guide washer 10 is made according to the drawing from any steel.

When installing the drive sprocket, the spikes of the bushing 4 are inserted into its grooves, on which the washer 10 is fastened with three M4 screws. The limiter 6, made of soft wire and fixed on the drive sprocket by bending the ends on its jumpers-beams, prevents the spring from moving away from the sprocket plane when it is stressed during operation. Next, the right connecting rod 1 with the drive sprocket is fixed in the usual way on the shaft 2 of the bicycle bottom bracket using wedge 9. When installing the spring, one end of it is installed in a suitable hole on the drive sprocket, and the other bent end wraps around the connecting rod near the pedal.

To expand the adjustment of the spring force 5 on the drive sprocket, a series of holes is additionally drilled along the diameter of the wire to install the bent end of the spring in them.

The drive works as follows. In the initial period, for example, when installing the right foot on the right pedal, which is in the upper position, the connecting rods 1, together with the shaft 2 and the sleeve 4, rotate until the working interaction of the sleeve spike with the drive sprocket 3, while the spring 5 is compressed and creates a torque on the drive sprocket . After applying a muscular effort to the right pedal, the drive sprocket is rotated - and the bike accelerates. When the right pedal approaches the extreme lower position, the working interaction of the connecting rods (hub spike) with the drive sprocket is interrupted by delaying the rotation of the connecting rods relative to the drive sprocket after the pedal force is reduced due to the reverse action of the spring and the inertial movement of the bicycle. In this case, the spring supports the rotation of the sprocket and removes it from interaction with the connecting rods. As a result, at the beginning of the next working cycle, the connecting rods pass the vertical position with some reverse angular displacement relative to the drive sprocket, which ensures a free transition of the vertical position and the next accumulation of the spring for the left crank. Then the drive process is repeated.

The free transition of extreme upper and lower positions by the pedals eliminates the loss of muscle energy when changing cycles of their work, which increases the efficiency of the drive. In steady state operation, the connecting rods are delayed in rotation, and then they effectively push the drive sprocket. As a result, pedaling is carried out in an economical "push" mode. This mode of operation allows you to maintain a high speed without undue effort and for a long time, which is similar to maintaining the rotation of the flywheel with an intermittent tangential force. The delay in the rotation of the connecting rods contributes to the compensation of the inertial forces acting on the legs of the cyclist in the area of "dead spots" during their rapid rotational movement.

The efficiency and stability of the drive is affected by the spring accumulation force, which is selected depending on the weight and physical fitness of the cyclist. If, after the working stroke, the connecting rods do not move away from the drive sprocket, then a more elastic spring must be installed. And vice versa, if for a free transition of the upper position pedal, a noticeable muscular effort is applied to it and during the working stroke there is no working interaction of the connecting rods with the drive sprocket, then the spring elasticity must be reduced. This can be done by selecting the diameter of the spring wire.

For normal operation of the drive, the amount of reverse movement of the cranks must be less than their initial angular displacement. Under these conditions, the initial torque on the drive sprocket is maintained during operation transients, which further enhances the damping properties of the spring to smooth out peak loads during push rotation of the drive sprocket.

When mastering riding a bicycle with such a drive, the cyclist requires some attention to control the uniformity of rotation of the drive sprocket with free wheeling of the connecting rods. When certain skills are obtained, the uniformity of rotation of the drive sprocket and the amount of reverse movement of the connecting rods are automatically maintained and do not present any difficulties and discomfort.

Experimental sea trials within 3500 km confirmed the efficiency and reliability of the drive. Compared to a conventional bicycle, fatigue on long journeys is noticeably reduced, which expands the possibilities of the cyclist.

Perhaps the springing of the pedals against the drive sprocket can also have its place in big sports, as well as the springing of the back of the blade against the heel of the shoes of cross-country skates.

Author: V.Zelenov

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