Machine for the formation of lighting effects. Scheme, description

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Light Effect Machine

Radio - for beginners

The popular radio technical literature describes a lot of microchip machines that allow you to create various lighting effects for decorating Christmas trees, illuminating decorative masks, and attractions. The basis of such automata is the same triggers controlled, as in the traffic light model, by pulses of clock generators. Switching from one logical state to another, triggers control the power circuits of several incandescent lamps (or garlands) with output signals, which create the intended lighting effects.

We offer for experimental verification a simple machine that creates the effect "running shadow"(Fig. 1, a).

The device consists of a pulse generator on the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, an inverter DD1.4, counting D-flip-flops DD2.1 and DD2.2, a logical node on the elements 2I-NOT DD3.1-DD3.4 and transistors VT1- VT4 with HL1-HL4 incandescent lamps in the collector circuit. Trimmer (or variable) resistor R1 can smoothly change the frequency of the clock generator within 1 ... 2 Hz.

Two triggers of the K155TM2 (DD2) microcircuit, interconnected in series, form a binary counter of pulses coming to its input from the generator. As a result, at the output of the first trigger, the pulse frequency is less than half, and at the output of the second, it is four times less. Elements DD3.1-DD3.4, working as decoders of the logical states of counter triggers, form signals that turn on incandescent lamps in a certain order. The HL1 lamp lights up when a high-level voltage appears at the output of the DD3.1 element, which opens the transistor VT1. In this state, this logic element can only be at a low voltage level at one of its inputs, i.e., during those periods of time when one of the triggers is in the zero state. If both triggers are in a single state, the output of the DD3.1 element will be a low voltage, the transistor VT1 will be closed, and the lamp HL1 will be off.

We will analyze the operation of the automaton as a whole according to the graphs shown in Fig. 1, b. We consider that at the initial moment after turning on the power, the D-flip-flops of the counter turned out to be in the zero state. Consequently, the HL1-HL3 lamps turned on because at that time a high-level voltage appeared at the output of the DD3.1-DD3.3 elements, which opened the transistors VT1-VT3.

The first pulse of the generator with its front switched the trigger DD2.1 to a single state. Immediately switched to a similar state and trigger DD2.2. Therefore, the HL1 lamp went out (a low voltage level appeared at the output of the DD3.1 element) and the HL4 lamp turned on (a high voltage level appeared at the output of the DD3.4 element). The second pulse switched the trigger DD2.1 to the zero state (the trigger DD2.2 remained in the single state). Now the HL2 lamp goes out, and the rest shine. The third pulse switches the first trigger to a single state, and the second - to zero. This means that the HL3 lamp goes out, and the rest are on. At the fourth pulse, both counter triggers are in the zero state and the HL4 lamp goes out.

Starting from the fifth (then from the ninth, thirteenth, etc.) pulse that appears at the input of the binary counter, the described cycle of the automaton is repeated. And if the lamps are arranged in a garland, the fading lamps will create a "running shadow" effect.

With such an automaton, you can also get the "running fire" effect if, between the outputs of the elements DD3.1-DD3.4 and the corresponding limiting resistors R2-R5, you turn on the elements of another K155LAZ chip with inverters (similar to the element DD1.3.). Then, at each cycle of the machine's operation, only one lamp will flash and the "fire" will "run" along the garland. The speed of movement of the "fire" is greater, the higher the frequency of the clock generator.

See other articles Section Beginner radio amateur.

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