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Forest grapes. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Forest grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Vitis

Family: Grapes (Vitaceae)

Origin: Eurasia and North Africa

Area: Widely distributed in the northern regions of Europe, Transcaucasia, North Africa, Western and Central Asia, as well as in North America.

Chemical composition: Grape leaves contain anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. Grapes contain glucose, fructose, sucrose, organic acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients.

Economic value: Forest grapes are used for breeding work and to create new grape varieties with higher resistance to diseases and pests. It is also important as a source of genetic material for research in genetics and molecular biology.

Legends and myths: In ancient times, forest grapes were considered a symbol of fertility and wealth. In ancient Greek mythology, grapes were associated with the goddess of wine and festivals, Dionysus. According to the myth, Demeter, the goddess of fertility and agriculture, was comforted by bunches of grapes after her daughter Cora was kidnapped by the god of the underworld, Hades. In ancient Roman mythology, grapes were associated with the god of wine and festivities Bacchus, who was considered the patron saint of winemakers and holidays. In the Christian tradition, grapes are associated with the blood of Christ, which was shed for the salvation of mankind. The legend of Saint Valentine says that he gave grapes to his fans to remind them of the love they share with each other. In Chinese culture, grapes are considered a symbol of longevity and wealth. Grapes are used in Chinese medicine to promote health and improve digestion.

Forest grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Description, illustrations of the plant

Forest grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Perennial shrub liana or shrub creeping along the ground up to 10-15 m long, attached with tendrils that wrap around supports. Annual shoots are ribbed with a grayish-brown bark. Biennial shoots are round or slightly angular, glabrous or hairy. On old shoots, the bark exfoliates in a ribbon-like manner.

The leaves are alternate, green, round-ovate or almost reniform, almost entire or slightly incised, more often three- or five-lobed, glabrous or covered with hairs, the underside of the leaf is slightly pubescent. The length of the leaves is 5-9 cm, at the base the leaf has a petiole notch. It is mostly wide, rarely narrow, open, with a blunt, rarely sharp bottom. In autumn, the foliage turns golden in color, often with orange patches or specks.

The flowers are yellow-green, small, with a pronounced aroma, collected in an inflorescence - a loose lateral panicle. The plant is dioecious. Staminate (male) flowers of forest grapes with long stamens (5 stamens) and rudiments of the ovary. Pistillate (female) have a normally developed ovary formed by two carpels and stamens bent down with barren pollen. Blooms in May.

The berries are spherical, 6-10 mm in diameter, black with a bluish bloom, rarely white, with a dense skin, sour, less often sweet in taste, sitting on stalks 4-7 mm long. The berries are collected in loose, branched, often winged clusters, during fruiting up to 15 cm in length and weighing no more than 100 g. There are 1-4 seeds in a berry, they are small, 3,5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovoid , grayish-reddish, nose short, up to 1 mm long. The fruits ripen in September.

Distributed in Western, Central and Southern Europe, along the entire northern coast of the Mediterranean, in Ukraine (Carpathians), in Moldova, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus (all regions), in Central Asia (Mountain-Turkmen region), in Northern Iran, in European parts of Russia (Black Sea region).

It grows along river valleys, on rocky slopes, in forests, up to a height of 1500-1800 m above sea level.

A rare European-Mediterranean plant, protected throughout its habitat.

Carbohydrates and related compounds (dextrose, pectin), organic acids (tartaric, malic, citric), pigments were found in the fruits of forest grapes. Fruits contain many vitamins, including vitamins of group B (B1, B2, B6, B12), vitamin K, P and PP, as well as folic acid and provitamin A. The peel of berries contains coloring, pectin, tannins, anthocyanins and essential oils. The seeds contain fatty oil.

Berries of forest grapes can be used fresh for food, as well as processed into raisins, grape juice, wine, jam, marinades, compotes, various drinks (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), as well as wine vinegar, including balsamic. Fruits are eaten fresh, dry, they taste close to cultivated varieties. A coffee surrogate is prepared from the seeds, they are also suitable for obtaining edible fatty oil.

Grape leaves can be used to make dolma, cabbage rolls and other stuffed dishes. Vine, buds, leaves are used as a seasoning for meat and other dishes when boiling and frying.

Berries of forest grapes are used in folk medicine. They contain a large amount of organic acids (citric, malic and tartaric), dextrose, pectin and other useful substances. Eating fruits is useful for constipation and other problems associated with bowel function.

Berries are especially useful for anemia. This property is explained by the presence of three vitamins in them, which have a stimulating effect on hematopoiesis, folic acid, which enhances hematopoiesis, vitamin K, which affects clotting, and vitamin P, which strengthens the vascular walls and normalizes blood pressure. Grape pulp contains coumarins, which in turn contain oxycoumarins - substances that help coagulation processes. In addition, those trace elements that grapes are rich in also contribute to intensive hematopoiesis.

Grape juice is an excellent prophylactic against rickets and anemia, its consumption helps to cure scurvy, heart disease, pulmonary tuberculosis and some diseases of the digestive tract.

This plant is used for exhaustion of the body, chronic bronchitis, liver and kidney ailments, gout and hemorrhoids.

Dried grape leaves can be ground into powder and taken internally for internal bleeding (most often uterine).

You should not eat grapes and drink juice and wine for those people who suffer from obesity or diabetes. In addition, it is contraindicated in exacerbations of peptic ulcers, colitis accompanied by diarrhea, strong fermentation in the intestines, chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs and chronic pharyngitis. You should not eat grapes and in acute heart failure (with increased swelling and hypertension). Among other things, it is contraindicated in violations of potassium metabolism against the background of chronic renal failure.

Grapes contribute to the accelerated destruction of dental tissues, so it is recommended to eat it only with fully cured teeth. In order to protect yourself from such pathological effects, rinse your mouth after each consumption of grapes with plenty of plain water.

Many varieties of cultivated grapes originated precisely from wild-growing forest grapes. This species has high cold and drought resistance, as well as resistance to various diseases, which makes it valuable in hybridization work to obtain new grape varieties.

Forest grapes are a good ornamental plant, honey plant and perganos. The fruits are eaten fresh, dry and pickled as a seasoning for dishes and in winemaking. The wood is useful for carving crafts, suitable for use in the pulp industry. Decorative, suitable for landscaping and as a soil conditioner.

Grapes are propagated by almost all known methods - both by seeds and vegetatively - by cuttings, layering, grafting. The place under forest grapes should be well lit and protected from cold penetrating winds. You can give the creepers a place near the fence, wall of the house or outbuilding, located on the south side. Soils are preferably drained, loose, fertile, water and breathable, moderately moist. Heavy, clayey, compacted, waterlogged, dry and waterlogged soils are unsuitable.

Before you start planting seedlings of forest grapes, you need to properly prepare the soil. Poor soils are fertilized with organic matter and minerals. Planting can be done both in early spring and autumn. Landing pits are prepared in advance during spring planting - from autumn, during autumn - a couple of weeks before the intended planting. The dimensions of the landing pit are 50 x 50 cm, 10-15 cm additionally for drainage (broken brick, pebbles, crushed stone or coarse sand).

On top of the drainage, a mound is formed from a soil mixture composed of the upper fertile layer, humus and sand. The soil should be loose and fertilized, this will provide comfort for the development of the root system in the first years of life. In the soil mixture prepared for laying the pit, it is desirable to add 200 g of superphosphate, 200 g of potassium salt and 40 g of ammonium nitrate. The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the fertility of the soil on the site.

Planting grape seedlings in a freshly prepared hole is highly undesirable, because when the earth begins to subside, it will drag the young plant deeper, which can lead to rather unpleasant consequences. Having planted a seedling, the soil in the pit is compacted, a hole is formed for irrigation and moistened abundantly. Overlaying a layer of mulch is welcome. Do not forget about the support, without it the grapes will not be able to develop normally, it will be subject to the invasion of various pests and the defeat of dangerous diseases.

Forest grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of respiratory diseases: infuse wild grape leaves in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Add honey and drink a drink to relieve cough and bronchitis symptoms.
• For the treatment of skin diseases: crush wild grape leaves and apply on affected skin areas such as eczema or dermatitis. This will help reduce inflammation and itching, speed up healing, and prevent infection.
• To treat stool problems: for constipation, drink an infusion of wild grape leaves. This will help improve digestion and increase intestinal motility.
• To improve liver function: drink an infusion of wild grape leaves for several weeks. This will help improve liver function and reduce the level of toxins in the body.
• For the treatment of nervous disorders: infuse wild grape leaves in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Cool the infusion and drink before bed to calm the nervous system and improve sleep.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: chop the wild grapes and mix with honey and olive oil. Apply to face for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This mask will help moisturize the skin, reduce the signs of aging and make the skin more radiant.
• Hair care product: prepare an infusion of wild grape leaves in boiling water for 30-40 minutes. Cool the infusion and use it to rinse your hair after shampooing. This remedy will help strengthen the hair, moisturize it and prevent hair loss.
• Body Scrub: Mix finely chopped wild grapes with sea salt and olive oil. Massage into the skin of the body and rinse thoroughly with water. This scrub will help exfoliate dead skin cells, improve skin texture and give a healthy glow.
• Hand cream: Mix grape seed oil, extracted from wild grapes, with coconut oil and lavender oil. Apply to hands and massage until completely absorbed. This cream will help moisturize and soften the skin of the hands.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Forest grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Detailed advice on growing, choosing soil and lighting, planting, caring for the plant; preparation tips; storage tips

The forest grape (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) is a type of grape that is found wild in Europe and Asia.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing forest grapes:

Cultivation:

• Forest grapes prefer a sunny location and soil with good drainage capacity.
• The plant can grow in a variety of soil types, but prefers soil of medium fertility and neutral acidity.
• Before planting, prepare the soil by applying organic fertilizer.
• The plant needs a support, such as a trellis, to support its growth.
• Woodland grapes can withstand winter cold and can be grown in USDA zones 6-10.
• Water the plant regularly during growth and flowering.
• Harvest grapes regularly during the fruiting period to prevent overripe and ensure high quality fruit.
• Trim the plant to maintain its shape and size.
• Wild grapes can be vulnerable to insects and disease, so the plant needs to be inspected regularly and protective measures taken if needed.

Workpiece:

• Harvest the forest grapes when they reach maturity. It is best harvested at an early stage of maturity when it is at its peak nutritional value.
• Wild grapes can be used to make wine, juice, jam, or preserved as jam or jam.
• Before use, the grapes must be well washed and cleaned of impurities.

Storage:

• Fresh forest grapes are best stored in the refrigerator for several days.
• If it is necessary to preserve forest grapes for a longer period, they can be dried, frozen or preserved in the form of jam or preserves.

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