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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Passionflower (passion flower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Passionflower (passionflower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star), Passiflora. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Passiflora (Passiflora) Family: Passiflora (Passifloraceae) Origin: Latin America, especially Brazil. Area: Plants of the genus Passiflora grow mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Some species are distributed throughout the world as cultivated plants. Chemical composition: Passiflora fruits are rich in vitamins A, C, E, as well as potassium, magnesium and folic acid. The leaves and flowers of the plant contain alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids and other biologically active substances. Economic value: Passionflower is used in cooking for the preparation of desserts, drinks and sauces. Also, plants of this genus are used in medicine due to their calming properties and the ability to improve sleep. In landscape design, passionflower is used as an ornamental plant due to its beautiful foliage and flowers. Legends and myths: In the Catholic tradition, the passionflower flower is associated with the sufferings of Christ and his torments on the cross. The name of the plant comes from the Latin words "passio", which means "suffering", and "flora", which translates as "flower". In some cultures, passionflower is considered a symbol of love, passion and fidelity. In England, for example, passionflower is called the "flower of passion", and in Mexico it is used as a symbol for wedding decorations and bouquets. In the Caribbean, passionflower is sometimes called the "flower of love" and is used in love potions and love spells. Also, passionflower has a mythological meaning among the Indians of South America. In one legend, passionflower is associated with a female divine essence that went into the forest to avoid the courtship of men. In another legend, passionflower is associated with the sun god and is used in religious ceremonies.
Passionflower (passionflower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star), Passiflora. Description, illustrations of the plant Passionflower (passionflower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star), Passiflora. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Passiflora edible Passiflora (passion flower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star) - Passiflora L. - belongs to the Passiflora family, or Passifloraceae (Passifloraceae), which includes 12 genera. The genus Passiflora includes 400 species. The origin of most species of the genus is from America, several species are from Asia and one is from Madagascar. The most important economically is Passiflora edulis Sims. - edible passion flower, purple grenadilla, edible passionflower, granadilla. After peeling the fruit, the pulp, together with the seeds, is edible, it is used as a fruit in its raw form, and also as a vegetable in fruit salads. The pulp is yellow, gelatinous, fragrant, filled with numerous seeds; used to make jams, jellies and sorbets. The most widely goes to the manufacture of juices. Small additions of passionflower juice dramatically increase the quality of products from non-aromatic or mediocre-flavored fruits (for example, papaya compotes). From the peel of the fruit, which makes up about 50% of their mass, ascorbic acid is obtained (content - up to 166 mg100 g), protein products and pectin substances. In crushed form, the peel is used for livestock feed or as a local fertilizer. For the production of juice, passionflower selection is carried out according to the aroma and size of fruits, their juiciness, color, content of sugars, acids and vitamin C, skin thickness, resistance to diseases and pests. The edible passion flower comes from southern Brazil, from where it spread to the countries of the tropical and subtropical zones in the XNUMXth century. An industrial culture is developed in Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Kenya, the southern United States and some parts of the Mediterranean. Plants are perennial woody vines with large single flowers, the fruit is a multi-seeded berry. The name passionflower - translated from English - a passionate flower - was given by the first missionaries in South America. The edible passion flower includes the forms Passiflora edulis F. edulis - the red edulis passion flower. Form with round or ovoid fruits 4-6 cm long, ripened fruits have an intense red color; pericarp - hard, thin, mesocarp - green, endocarp - white; the seeds are black in color, flat, 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. The fruits are tastier than the yellow-fruited form. In the tropical zone, it grows best at an altitude of about 1800 m and is characterized by poor growth and development in humid valleys. Passiflora edulis F. flavicarpa is an edible yellow passion flower. It is believed that he is a mutant of the red passionflower edible. The fruits are large - 5-6 cm in length, the ripened fruits are bright yellow, the pulp is rather acidic. This form is better adapted to humid tropical valleys. In areas with high rainfall, the edible passion flower yields little, as rainfall interferes with pollination. Optimal rainfall for the crop is 75-125 mm per month. A good harvest is obtained on a variety of soils, but heavy, poorly drained soils should be avoided. The edible passion flower is a strong, semi-woody vine up to 16 m in length, in especially favorable conditions - up to 80 m, the stems are green, smooth, with a groove. Leaves are 12-25 cm long and 10-15 cm wide, tripartite, but often undivided in young plants. The flowers are axillary, 7,5-10 cm in diameter, the stalk is 2-5 cm. The fruit is a berry, spherical or ovoid in shape. Cross-pollination is carried out by tree bees, as well as ordinary bees, wasps and birds. The flowers of the red passionflower edible open early in the morning, close in the afternoon, the flowers of the yellow passionflower edible open in the afternoon and close in the evening. Artificial hand pollination results in larger and juicier fruits. Upon contact with water, unsprouted pollen grains burst, so when it rains, pollination and fertilization do not occur. In some flowers, the pistil is always in a straight position, and this shows that the female phase is sterile, and the male phase is functioning. Therefore, low yields can be explained by the small amount of pollen transferred to the pistil during pollination, the death of pollen due to its moisture, the sterility of the female phase in many flowers, damage to generative organs by pests, and other factors individually or in combination. The period from pollination and fertilization to fruit ripening is 60-80 days.
Seeds can be sown from ripe fruits without separating them from the pulp, they germinate 2-4 weeks after sowing. Seeds separated from the pulp, washed with water and dried, germinated by 85% after three months of storage. The pulp contains (in%) water - 72,1, protein - 2,4, fat - 2,8, carbohydrates - 17,3, fiber - 4,2, ash - 1,2, vitamin C - 50-150 mg100 g . In the commercial cultivation of the edible passion flower, seed propagation predominates. Seeds are densely sown in the nursery and shaded from direct sunlight; when 2 true leaves develop, the seedlings are transplanted into pots. After 2-4 months, when the seedlings reach a height of 30 cm, they are planted in the garden in a permanent place. Passion flower edible can be propagated by lignified pencil-thick cuttings with 2-3 internodes. Plants are planted in the garden with distances between them in a row of 1,8-3,0 m and between rows of 3-6 m. Tapestry-wires are arranged along the rows, stretched between pillars-supports. The edible passion flower enters the fruiting period in the 2nd year, and the period of maximum fruiting continues until the age of 5-6 years. Fruits are formed only on new growths. They are not removed from plants, but are removed every 2-3 days after falling to the ground. The average yield of one plant reaches 6-10 kg. The average yield of edible passion flower in Kenya is 15 t/ha. Harvesting and storage. Usually edible passion flower bears fruit 2 times a year, for example in Australia - in February-March and June-July. The fruits can be stored without deterioration in quality for a week. After wrapping the fruits in wax paper, they can be stored for 6-12 weeks. The most damaging disease of the edible passion flower in Kenya and Australia is the aphid-borne cucumber mosaic virus and brown spot. The most problematic pests are fruit flies, which damage young fruits, after which they fall off unripe. Giant granadilla (giant passionflower, grenadilla or barbadina) - Passiflora quadrangularis L. The fleshy parts of the fruit and the pulp are edible, they are consumed fresh as a fruit or in salads, as well as in the manufacture of ice cream, sorbets, cold drinks and jams. Unripe green fruits are boiled and eaten as vegetables. Root tubers are used as food in Jamaica as a surrogate for making jam, but this is unhealthy. The giant granadilla originated from the tropical regions of South America (Peru and Venezuela); it began to be cultivated in the XNUMXth century, and is now widely distributed in the tropical zone. It grows well and bears fruit in a hot, humid climate, it does not work well in the mountains. Granadilla is a strong, smooth, perennial vine with fleshy root tubers. The leaves are alternate, tripartite, 10-25 cm long and 8-18 cm wide, dark green above and grey-green below. The flowers are the same as those of Passiflora edulis, axillary, 10–12 cm in diameter. faint pink tint. Pericarp 2,5-4 cm thick, whitish flesh, juicy, fresh. Numerous seeds are ovoid, 1 cm long, flat, dark brown. Flowers are characterized by protandry - the male phase matures earlier than the female. To obtain a good harvest, artificial pollination by hand is recommended. The pulp (mesocarp and endocarp) contains (in%) water - 93,7, protein - 0,7, fat - 0,2, carbohydrates - 4,3, fiber - 0,7, ash - 0,4; in seeds and peel 17,6% carbohydrates. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. Plants are planted at a distance of 2,4-3,0 m from each other and grown on a trellis. To protect against fruit damage by rats, bats and birds, the fruits are wrapped in various materials.
A number of species have edible fruits and are cultivated in some countries. These include sweet, or reed, granadilla (Passiflora ligularis A. Juss.) - in the mountainous regions of Mexico and Central America, as well as in Hawaii; passion flower bay leaf, or Singaporean, Jamaican honeysuckle, beautiful apple, apple vine, cup apple (Passiflora laurifolia L.) - grows wild in the forests of the West Indies and in the northeastern part of South America, has spread widely in the tropical zone since the XNUMXth century; Castilian curuba, banana, or edible passion flower (Passiflora. mollissima H. V. K. Bailey) is cultivated in Colombia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Grown at an altitude of 1200-3000 m above sea level. the sea, tolerates frosts down to minus 2 °C; yields up to 30-40 t/ha. Banana passion flower (Passiflora antioquiensis Karst.) originated from Colombia, cultivated high in the mountains, frost-resistant. Passiflora foetida is a polymorphic species, the fruits are edible but little used. Leaves and unripe fruits contain cyanide klikozid. Grown in gardens as a cover crop in Malaysia and East Africa, it prevents soil erosion and suppresses the development of weeds; used in ornamental gardening. Edible fruits also have the following types of passion flowers: tree-like (Passiflora arborea Spreng.), Magdalenian (Passiflora magdalense Tr. et Planch.), grape-leaved (Passiflora vitifolia H. V. K.), blue (Passiflora coerulea) and some others. Passiflora incarnate, or meat-red passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L), is used as a medicinal and fruit plant. Homeland - tropical Brazil. Widely grows in natural conditions of subtropical regions of North America and Bermuda, cultivated in the Philippines and in a number of countries in Southeast Asia. Introduced in Georgia (Adzharia). Tropical and subtropical liana up to 9 m long. Flowers solitary, large (7-9 cm in diameter), bright purple petals. The fruits are greenish-yellow edible berries that fall when ripe. The herbaceous stems have medicinal value. They are harvested during flowering and fruit formation. Leafy stems (50-60 cm long) contain 0,5% carboline alkaloids (harman, harmine and harmol), as well as flavonoids, coumarins and quinones. The liquid extract obtained from the stems is used as a sedative for neurasthenia, insomnia, chronic alcoholism, menopausal disorders. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Passion flower blue (passiflora blue, cavalier star, granadilla), Passiflora caerulea. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
Passionflowers were among the first plants to reach Europe from the Americas. The first known description of passionflower was given in 1553 by Pedro Cieza de Leon, describing "granadillas" growing in Colombia. Granadilla means "little pomegranate" in Spanish. In 1610, the image of a passion flower fell into the hands of the Italian historian and religious figure Giacomo Bosio. He began to collect other descriptions and images of the flower brought by the Mexican Jesuits, and in the same year he published an article where he described the passionflower flower as a visual embodiment of the Passion of Christ. Three stigmas of the pestle, in his opinion, symbolized the nails with which the feet and hands of Christ were nailed to the cross. The outer crown personified the crown of thorns, the stamens - five wounds. The seventy-two coronal threads of the inner crown were taken as the number of thorns in the crown of thorns. Spear-shaped leaves marked the spear that pierced Christ. The pieces of iron found on the reverse side of the sheet were supposed to mean thirty pieces of silver received by Judas for betrayal. All these comparisons gave rise to the name of the plant Passiflora, from the Latin "passio" - suffering and "flos" - a flower. The Russian name Passionflower is a literal translation of the Latin name (passion + flower), and Passiflora is a transliteration of the Latin name. Perennial evergreen tropical herbaceous vine. It has stems climbing along the support, the length of which can be from five to fifteen meters. The leaves of the passion flower are alternate, consist of three leaf plates fused at the bottom. The leaf veins are pubescent. The petiole is well developed. Passiflora flowers are axillary, on long pedicels, have the shape of a star (hence the synonym for the passion flower "cavalier star"). They are large - up to nine centimeters in diameter, purple in color, with five light sepals and the same five petals, which outwardly almost do not differ from each other. Their main difference is that on the lower side of the sepals there are spur-like outgrowths. Between the perianth and stamens are rows of brightly colored tricolor (blue, white, purple) threads or scales, forming the so-called crown. The flower has five greenish-yellow stamens and three purple pistils. Blooms profusely from spring to autumn. On the petioles and leaves of the passion flower there are glands that secrete a special liquid that attracts ants (passionflowers need ants to protect themselves from caterpillars of heliconium butterflies - the main pests of passionflowers in natural habitats). The shape and location of the glands is specific to each species. Some species of passionflower have recently "learned" to form outgrowths that mimic butterfly eggs, this scares the latter, preventing them from laying real eggs. The fact that these species appeared relatively recently is used as one of the evidence for evolution. The fruits of the blue passion flower are ovoid or rounded berries up to 6 cm long and 4 cm in diameter, yellow or orange, edible, containing numerous red grains inside. In the wild, the blue passion flower grows only in 4 countries of Latin America - in Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. But as an ornamental plant, it is widely cultivated in a subtropical climate, in particular - throughout the Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Greece and even Bulgaria), as well as on the southern coast of Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Since the plant is used not only in folk medicine, but also in official medicine, its composition is well known. A number of studies were carried out to study the chemical composition of the passion flower, the results of which were found: C-glycosylflavones, vicenin, isovitexin-2-glycoside, benzoflavones, isoorientin-2-glycoside, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, essential oil, alkaloids (umbelliferone, maltol, harmine and other related alkaloids), amino acids, coumarins, gynocardine, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and fatty oil. The grassy part contains chlorophyll, protein and pectin substances, saponins, vitamins, in particular ascorbic acid. The pulp of the fruit contains proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B, A, C, sodium and serotonin. Due to its rich chemical composition, passionflower has found wide application in official medicine, homeopathy and folk practice. First of all, passionflower preparations are used for insomnia, nervousness, states of excitation of a different nature, epilepsy and tetanus. They treat cardiac neurosis and circulatory instability. Passiflora is effective for mastopathy, myoma, endometriosis, prostate adenoma, prostatitis. It is used to treat gastritis, peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract. Water decoctions and infusions help restore biorhythms when changing time zones, increase resistance to stress and cause an aversion to alcohol. Passiflora preparations relieve headaches, unpleasant conditions during menopause. Passiflora fruits have a laxative effect, improve bowel function, and promote the excretion of uric acid from the body. They are recommended for use in diseases of the liver and urinary tract, at low pressure and high temperature. Passiflora liquid extract can be bought at a pharmacy. Commercially available passion fruit oil (one of the types of passionflower) is widely used in cosmetology, it is introduced into creams for dry and irritated skin of the face and hands, into shampoos for dry and brittle hair. 10-5 drops of oil are added to 6 ml of the base.
Passiflora, known as "bat", was used by the Indians at the end of the XNUMXth century to treat diseases of the liver; Passiflora sexocellata - from eye diseases; other types - as a laxative. Based on the extract of passionflower meat-red, preparations such as Novo-Passit and Central-B are made. In folk medicine, all above-ground parts of the plant are used. They are harvested at the time of flowering. Several shoots are cut from the liana and placed to dry in a dark, ventilated place, away from sources of strong heat. Passiflora should dry at room temperature. When the raw material dries, it is used for the preparation of medicines. You can store dried passionflower shoots for no more than one year (necessarily in a dark, cold place). Passiflora fruits are eaten fresh. In taste, they resemble the well-known passion fruit, or edible passionflower - another type of passionflower, the closest relative of blue passionflower. Usually cut off the top of the fruit and scoop out the pulp and seeds with a spoon. Sometimes the seeds are removed by rubbing the pulp through a fine sieve and adding a tablespoon of boiled water. The leaves and stems of the plant can be brewed as a tea. Complete contraindications to the use of drugs from passionflower are individual intolerance, stomach ulcers, urolithiasis or cholelithiasis, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction (regardless of the time of its transfer). Pregnant women, children and people suffering from hypotension should use preparations from the plant with caution. For patients in this category, it is advisable to consult a doctor before treatment. As a houseplant, the blue passionflower is unpretentious and cold-resistant. This vine grows very quickly. All species in northern climates can be grown as ornamental foliage or flowering flowers in rooms or greenhouses, provided there is sufficient light and temperature in winter. True, some of them are difficult for beginners, and the cultivation of certain species is difficult even for experienced amateur collectors. More hardy species, for example, blue passionflower, meat-red passionflower, smelly passionflower already in Central Europe, and even more so in the south, can be grown in open ground. Passionflower is propagated by cuttings, less often by seeds. Cuttings are cut with two leaves and planted in a substrate consisting of peat and sand. At a temperature of 20 ° C, rooting occurs within a month. After rooting, the plants are transplanted into 9-12 cm pots. Earth mixture: soddy or compost soil - one part, peat - one part, humus - one part. Shoots need support. The location is sunny, watering is plentiful. During the dormant period in December-January for species growing in mountainous areas, the temperature can be reduced to 8-10 °C. Flowering occurs on the shoots of the current year. After flowering, the shoots are cut to the ground, and in the fall, unripe shoots are removed. Thinning shoots ensures profusion of flowering. During the growing season, fertilizing with mullein and complete mineral fertilizer is done every ten days. Plants do not tolerate drafts.
Passiflora incarnata, Passiflora incarnata L. Botanical description, area and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: meat red passion flower, meat red passion flower, cavalier star. Perennial climbing vine of the passion flower family (Passifloraceae), reaching a height of 6 m. Stem climbing trees or creeping, smooth, rounded with alternate, long-petiolate, deeply tripartite leaves. The leaves are leathery, green above, grayish below. Flowers solitary, about 5 cm in diameter, on long stalks, pale purple petals. The fruit is edible, berry-like, juicy, yellow-orange at maturity, the seeds are black. Range and habitats. Most species grow in tropical America, especially in Brazil and Peru, a few species are found in tropical Asia and Australia, in the Mediterranean, and one species is on the island of Madagascar. Cultivated in a subtropical climate in the Caucasus. Chemical composition. The chemical composition of the plant is little studied. It is only known that passionflower grass contains indole alkaloids - 0,04%, among them harman and norgarman, saponins, ascorbic acid. Application in medicine. The herb of many passion flowers has medicinal properties and is used in folk medicine. For example, passionflower, known as "bat", was used by the Indians at the end of the XNUMXth century to treat liver diseases; Passiflora sexocellata - from eye diseases; other types - as a laxative.
Other uses. Fully ripe fruits of some species (eg Blue Passionflower, Passiflora suberosa, Edible Passionflower) are edible. The edible fruits of these plants are known as passion fruit. All species in northern climates can be grown as ornamental foliage or flowering plants in rooms or greenhouses, provided there is sufficient light and temperature in winter; however, some of them are difficult for beginners, and the cultivation of certain species is difficult even for experienced amateur collectors. More hardy species, for example, Passion flower blue (passiflora caerulea with colorful flowers up to 8 cm in diameter and palmately dissected leaves up to 10 cm wide), tetrahedral passionflower or grandilla (quadrangularis). Passiflora blue, Passionflower meat-red, Passionflower smelly already in Central Europe, and even more so in the south (in Russia - the Krasnodar Territory, Primorye) can be grown in open ground. Blossom for a long time and profusely in May - September. The temperature group is moderate or warm. Propagation by cuttings, less often by seeds. Cuttings are cut with two leaves and planted in a substrate consisting of peat and sand. At a temperature of 20 ° C, rooting occurs within a month. After rooting, the plants are transplanted into 9-12 cm pots. Earth mixture: soddy or compost soil - one part, peat - one part, humus - one part. Shoots need support. The location is sunny, watering is plentiful. During the dormant period in December - January for species growing in mountainous areas, the temperature can be reduced to 8-10 °C. Flowering occurs on the shoots of the current year. After flowering, the shoots are cut to the ground, and in the fall, unripe shoots are removed, otherwise a strong vine fills the entire space. Thinning shoots ensures profusion of flowering. During the growing season, fertilizing with mullein and complete mineral fertilizer is done every ten days. Plants do not tolerate drafts. At room conditions, it is necessary to spray the plant, in winter to maintain the temperature at least 7-12 degrees. The plant is photophilous. In summer it is plentiful, it is desirable to water daily, in winter watering is reduced. Transplanted annually in the spring. Propagation by stem cuttings in summer or seeds in spring. The leaves are deeply dissected, on the stems - antennae, summer flowering, short-lived. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Passionflower (Pasiflora). Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Passionflower flowers (from left to right from top to bottom): edible, graceful, blue, flesh-colored, tetrahedral, racemose Passion flower is one of the most original plants with large flowers of an unusual structure. This flower is unlike any other flowers in the world. Inside its wide-open bright double perianth is an even brighter crown of long straight or gracefully curved wavy filaments, and in the center rises an ovary with three cross-shaped stigmas, bordered by five stamens with large oblong anthers. The Spanish missionaries who followed in the footsteps of Columbus to America identified the crown of the perianth with the thorn wreath of Christ going to the crucifixion, and the stamens and pestle with instruments of torture were the instruments of the passions of the Lord, from which the Latin name of the plant Passiflora was born, translated into Russian as a passion flower. Sometimes this flower is called a cavalier star, and its image is often found in the paintings of famous painters of the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. With beautiful flowers, aromatic edible fruits, medicinal roots and leaves, passion flowers are widely cultivated in many countries around the world. Among the passion flowers there are many plants whose corollas open only at night. Like most similar species, they are short-lived, opening, as a rule, between the beginning of midnight, they already wither by ten o'clock in the morning, and only in rainy and cool weather their flowering can drag on until one in the afternoon. Flowers bloom almost simultaneously, and after fifteen minutes the whole plant is covered with white, up to eight centimeters in diameter, flowers.
Due to the long pedicels, the flowers seem to be carried out beyond the edge of the foliage and thus are clearly visible at a great distance. Flowers open very quickly, their buds seem to explode, causing the stems to sway, and the petals straighten right before our eyes. Immediately, as soon as the flower opens, the anthers burst, the stamens and columns begin to move, and then the anthers turn one hundred and eighty degrees with their open side outward, and behind them the stamen filaments begin to bend, forming a semicircle on the outside of the flower. At the same time, the columns move, bending and placing the stigmas between the anthers. After twenty to thirty minutes, the flower seems to turn outward and pours a delicate aroma, attracting nocturnal pollinators. Numerous species of passionflower are cultivated as ornamental plants and are often used for trellises in gardens and parks. Of these species, the most common is the Brazilian passionflower, blue with a blue or blue striped crown and purple columns. Of great value are the fragrant sweet and sour spherical or ovoid fruits of these plants with very juicy pulp. And in total there are about sixty species of passion flowers with edible fruits. Passion fruit from Brazil is used to make drinks, sorbets, ice cream and various jellies. Among the many types of passion flowers, it is worth noting the red-white, or flesh-colored passion flower, introduced into the culture by the Indians. Herbaceous parts of it are used in modern medicine for the preparation of drugs that have a calming effect on the central nervous system. Passionflowers are found in tropical rainforests, steppes, savannahs and arid deserts. Even among the vines of the tropical jungle, passion flowers are not the last. The genus of passion flowers includes about four hundred species, distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics of America. Only a few species are found in tropical Asia, the Mascarene Islands, Australia, Polynesia and New Zealand. Author: Krasikov S.
Passionflower (passionflower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star), Passiflora. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Passionflower (passionflower, granadilla, grenadilla, cavalier star), Passiflora. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Passiflora is a genus of vines that includes many species, including popular garden plants such as the passion flower, granadilla, and cavalier star. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing passionflower: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Note that some types of passionflower can be poisonous, so make sure you know which kind of passionflower you are using.
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