Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

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Content

Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Litchi (liji, lasi, fox, liji Chinese, Chinese plum), Litchi chinensis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum)

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Litchi

Family: Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae)

Origin: China

Area: Southeast Asia, India, Africa, South America

Chemical composition: Lychee fruits contain vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, as well as bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids.

Economic value: Lychee fruits are widely used in the food industry for the production of juices, canned food, compotes, jams, as well as in cooking as an ingredient for desserts and salads. Also, the plant is used in medicine and cosmetology due to its beneficial properties.

Legends and myths: Lychee is a popular tropical fruit originating from China, where it was developed over 2 years ago. In Chinese culture, this fruit symbolizes family well-being and longevity. Its peel resembles that of a dragon, which is associated with mythological creatures that were considered a symbol of strength and power. In addition, in China, lychee is associated with love, and its fruit is often given as a gift to lovers. In Chinese medicine, lychee is used to strengthen the heart and reduce stress. In some regions of Southeast Asia, the lychee also has a symbolic meaning in religious rites.

Litchi (liji, lasi, fox, liji Chinese, Chinese plum), Litchi chinensis. Description, illustrations of the plant

Litchi (liji, lasi, fox, liji Chinese, Chinese plum), Litchi chinensis. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum)

Lychee, or Chinese plum - Litchi chinensis Sonn. - belongs to the Sapindaceae family.

Lychee is native to China.

Lychee is common in all countries of Southeast Asia, as well as in many countries of Africa and America, but is most widely cultivated in China, India, South Africa (especially in the provinces of Natal and Transvaal).

Lychee is a subtropical and tropical evergreen plant, up to 20 m high, it is distinguished by increased requirements for climatic conditions, it does not tolerate frosts, as well as hot dry weather. Young plants for several years after planting are protected from possible frosts by straw shelters, smoke and other methods.

Dry winds have a negative effect on plants, fruits can crack, young trees can unexpectedly shed their leaves, which negatively affects their survival. Lychee plantings must be protected from the winds.

Lychee does not differ in special requirements for soils and gives good yields on any soil, but deep loams are most suitable; soils must be well-drained.

Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum)

Lychees are propagated by seeds, as well as by various vegetative methods by layering (horizontal and aerial), grafting by proximity, cuttings, butt budding, shield in a T-shaped incision, lignified cuttings.

When seed propagation or when growing rootstocks, seedlings, seeds are sown immediately after they are received, as they quickly lose their germination capacity, especially when dried. The root system of seedlings has a strong development in contrast to the underdeveloped root system of stem origin in native plants. The lychee garden is planted in fertilized pits with distances between trees from 6 to 16 m.

The main part of the lychee root system is located in the surface layer of the soil, therefore it is not recommended to carry out deep processing before planting a garden. The best garden soil management systems are mulching and the Californian system. The root system of the lychee is in symbiosis with soil fungi - mycorrhiza, which form nodules on the roots. Mycorrhiza assimilates nitrogen from the air, and it becomes an available nutrient for lychee plants. To accelerate the formation of nodules in young plants, soil taken from under old lychee trees is added to each planting hole.

The most important tree care operations are fertilization and irrigation. It is especially important to provide plants with sufficient soil moisture during the setting period (in the northern hemisphere - from February to June).

Often, lychee plants are not fertilized, especially when grown in fertile soils. In China, India and other countries, from 100 to 250 kg of rotted cattle manure are brought under lychee trees annually, depending on the age of the trees and soil fertility. Lychee, in addition to nitrogen, is in dire need of phosphorus fertilizers.

Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum)

When cultivating lychee, symptoms of zinc deficiency often appear, bronze color of leaves, etc. In this case, tree crowns are sprayed with a solution of a zinc preparation. Evergreen lychee trees need only minimal pruning, which removes damaged and shrunken branches.

Lychees have relatively narrow and elongated leaf blades, wavy at the edges and slightly crimped, shiny, dark green.

The flowers are small, collected in inflorescences-panicles. Each panicle forms a bunch of 3-15 fruits.

Trees are characterized by slow growth, but in the end they reach considerable sizes - up to 15-20 m in height.

Lychee, propagated by vegetative methods, comes into fruition 4-6 years after planting; seedlings - for the 8-10th year. Due to the slow growth of trees, their yield increases within 20 years.

In the subtropics, lychee is harvested in May and June. During this period, there are still no fresh fruits, with the exception of some varieties of plums and strawberries, which are cultivated on a limited scale. The mango in these areas is not yet ripe, so the lychee is highly valued in the market.

Clusters of fruits are cut from the tree along with the stem part of the fruit fouling twig. It is believed that this method of harvesting the fruit does not adversely affect the flowering and fruiting of the lychee in the next year.

Ripe fruits are red in color, weighing up to 15-20 g, up to 4-4,5 cm long and up to 3-3,5 cm in diameter, oval or ovoid in shape, the peel is dense, covered with numerous tubercles, easily separated from the pulp; the pulp is white or creamy, juicy, sweet and sour, with a pleasant aroma, jelly-like consistency, melts in the mouth; in the center of the fruit is one smooth brown seed; in appearance, the fruits resemble large berries of garden strawberries.

Of the total mass of the fruit, the pulp contains up to 70%. It includes (in%) 80-84 water, 10-15 sugars, 0,7-1,2 proteins, 0,3 fats, 0,7 ash, 2,25 crude fiber, vitamins (in mg 100 g) C - traces , 0,01 - carotene, 0,8 - nicotinic acid; calorie content - 42 kcal 100 g.

For long-term storage and transportation, the fruits are removed from the tree when they turn pink, along with part of the fruit twig and leaves. This method of harvesting delays their wilting during storage. The collected fruits are placed in small baskets or baskets with a depth of no more than 25 cm. A few days after harvesting, the brilliant pink color of the fruit darkens and turns brown. The harvest of fruits from one tree is 80-150 kg annually.

Lychee (liji, lasi, fox, Chinese liji, Chinese plum)

Lychee fruits are not very transportable and can be stored under normal conditions at room temperature for up to 3 days. However, in refrigerated rooms, lychee is stored for several months at a temperature of 1 to 7 ° C. The Chinese store the lychee fruits in a salted form inside the bamboo stalks. In addition, in China, India, Vietnam and other countries, lychee drying is used along with the peel. In dried fruits, the peel turns into a hard shell, inside which the dried pulp rolls freely along with the seeds. These dried fruits are called litchi nuts. Lychee is an excellent raw material for the canning industry.

There are many varieties of lychee - more than 100. Of these, the most common in Hindustan are China, Purbi, Dehra Rose, Bedana, Desi, Calcutta, McLean, Rose Skented, Earli Large Red, Late Seedless, Muzaffarpur.

Seedless (or rather, small-seeded) lychee varieties are the most valuable, they need pollination for the normal development of fruits. Experts believe that the breeding of absolutely seedless lychee fruits is impossible.

No serious pests or diseases of lychee are known. The main problem of culture is the protection of ripening fruits from birds and flying dogs.

In Southeast Asia, there are rare crops that are similar to lychees. Longan (Euphoria iongana Lam.) is found in Hindustan, whose homeland is the Western Ghats, where it grows at an altitude of up to 1600 m above sea level. seas. Compared to lychee, longan fruits are of poorer quality, smaller in weight and size, with large seeds and smooth skin, ripen later than lychee. Yield 200-300 kg per tree. Fruits are used mainly for various types of processing.

According to experts, longan fruits in canned food (in the form of compotes, in sugar syrup) are superior to lychee in terms of organoleptic characteristics. Canned longan is produced and exported from China and Vietnam. Longan trees are larger than lychee, more cold-resistant; they are propagated by proximity grafting, often used as seed stocks for lychee and longan varieties.

In the US, longan is cultivated in California and Florida, sometimes in areas where lychee does not grow.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Litchi (liji, lasi, fox, liji Chinese, Chinese plum), Litchi chinensis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Ethnoscience:

Recipe for strengthening immunity: mix finely chopped lychee with honey and coconut oil. Consume 1-2 tablespoons in the morning on an empty stomach to boost immunity and boost energy.
Recipe to improve skin condition: mix finely chopped lychee with honey and apply on face for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This will help improve the condition of the skin, make it more elastic and radiant.
Recipe to reduce swelling: Apply fresh lychee juice to the swelling site and leave for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water. This will help reduce swelling and improve circulation.
Recipe for lowering cholesterol: mix finely chopped lychee with honey and consume every day for breakfast. This will help lower blood cholesterol levels and improve overall health.

Cosmetology:

Recipe for strengthening hair: mix fresh lychee juice with jojoba oil and apply to hair, leave for 30 minutes, then rinse with warm water and shampoo. This will help strengthen the hair, improve its texture and shine.
Recipe to reduce skin inflammation: Apply a mask of lychee puree and aloe vera to the site of inflammation on the skin. Leave on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This will help reduce inflammation and soothe the skin.
Recipe to relieve stress and improve mood: mix finely chopped lychee with mint and insist in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Have a warm drink before bed to relieve stress, improve your mood, and help with sleep disturbances.
Recipe for better vision: mix finely chopped lychee with cumin seed infusion and consume 1-2 tablespoons daily. This will help improve vision and prevent the development of eye diseases.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Litchi (liji, lasi, fox, liji Chinese, Chinese plum), Litchi chinensis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Chinese lychee is a tropical fruit that can be grown in warm and humid climates.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing lychee:

Cultivation:

Soil: Lychee prefers loose and well-drained soil. The optimum pH for lychee is 5,0-7,0. The soil should be rich in organic matter.
Lighting: Lychee needs bright sunlight. Choose a place for him where he will get a full day of sun. Good lighting contributes to good fruiting.
Distance and depth of planting: The distance between the trees when planting should be approximately 5-6 meters, so that the trees have enough space for the expansion of the root system. The planting depth of the roots is approximately 60 cm.
Growing: Lychees can be grown from seeds or cuttings. However, to obtain varietal characteristics, it is recommended to use cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy and mature plants.
Care: Lychee needs regular watering, especially during dry periods. Keep the soil moist, but avoid standing water. Fertilize the plant regularly with organic or mineral fertilizers according to package instructions.
Pruning: Pruning the lich tree is recommended to maintain its shape and encourage fruiting. Pruning is carried out after harvest or at the end of winter before the start of active growth.
Frost Protection: Lychee is a tropical plant and does not tolerate cold temperatures. In cold regions, frost protection is required, such as the use of shelters or special heating devices.

Workpiece:

Lychee should be harvested when they reach maturity i.e. when the skin turns bright red.
When harvesting fruit, a few litchi should be left on each branch to ensure proper nutrition for the plant.
Fruit can be cut or broken off from a branch.
Peeled and pitted lychee can be eaten immediately or used to prepare meals and drinks.

Storage:

Fresh lychees are best stored in the refrigerator at 1 to 5°C for up to 7 days.
If fruits are already peeled and pitted, they can be refrigerated in a container with a tight-fitting lid for up to 3 days.
Lychee can be frozen for longer storage. To do this, you need to peel the fruit from the peel and seeds, put them on a baking sheet in one layer and freeze. Frozen lychees can be stored in the freezer for up to 6 months.

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