|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Violet. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Violet, Viola. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Violet (Viola) Family: Violets (Violaceae) Origin: Eurasia, North America, South America, Australia Area: Diverse habitat types, from tundra to tropical. Chemical composition: Violets contain anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, saponins and other biologically active compounds. Economic value: Some types of violets are used in cooking and as medicinal plants, and are also used for decorative purposes in gardening and landscaping. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, violet was associated with the goddess Io, the daughter of Inak, who was turned into a bull. It is said that when Io was persecuted by the evil god Hera, she turned to the goddess Aphrodite for help, who turned her into a violet. In ancient Greek culture, violet was also a symbol of modesty and modest beauty. In the Christian tradition, the violet is associated with the church and symbolizes modesty, humility and meekness. In the Middle Ages in France, violets became a symbol of the Mother of God, and were depicted on the images of the Virgin. In modern culture, violet is associated with love and devotion. The Victorian era in England was considered the era of the "language of flowers", where each flower symbolized a certain feeling or emotion. Violet in this context symbolized modest love and devotion.
Violet, Viola. Description, illustrations of the plant Violet. Legends, myths, history
The symbolic meaning of the violet is associated with the legend of the persecution of the magical daughter of Atlas by the sun god Apollo and her premature transformation into a wonderful violet. Once, when the sun god Apollo pursued one of the beautiful daughters of Atlas with his burning rays, the poor girl turned to Zeus with a plea to cover and protect her. And so the great Thunderer, heeding her prayers, turned her into a wonderful violet and hid her in the shade of his bushes, where since then she has bloomed every spring and filled the heavenly forests with her fragrance. Here, perhaps, this lovely flower would have remained forever and never came to our earth, if it had not happened that Proserpina, the daughter of Zeus and Ceres, went to the forest for flowers, was abducted by the sudden appearance of Pluto just at the time when plucked violets. In fright, she dropped the flowers from her hands to the ground ... these same violets served as the progenitors of those violets that grow to this day. Associated, therefore, with the memory of the abduction of Proserpina by Pluto, the violet was considered by the Greeks as a flower of sadness and death, which adorned both the deathbed and the graves of young, untimely dead girls. But on the other hand, as a gift from Proserpina, as a message given by her every spring to her mother Ceres, she served among the Greeks as an emblem of nature reviving every spring. The violet was a symbol of the awakening of nature and at the same time the motto of Athens, which Pindar sang as a city crowned with violets, and sculptors and painters depicted the city as a woman with a wreath of violets on her head. Here is another legend. Once on a hot day, Venus decided to swim in the most remote grotto so that no one could peep. The goddess Venus bathed for a long time and with pleasure and suddenly heard a rustle. She turned and saw that several mortals were looking at her. The goddess was angry and decided to punish too curious. Venus turned to Zeus with a request to punish the guilty. Zeus, of course, responded to the request of the beautiful goddess and decided to punish them, but then relented and turned them into pansies, expressing curiosity and surprise. Since ancient times, violets have symbolized fidelity in love. According to legend, Zeus liked the daughter of the king of Argos, Io. However, Zeus' wife Hera turned the girl into a cow. Only after long wanderings did Io regain her human form. To please his beloved, the Thunderer grew tricolor violets for her. The Greeks in ancient times were very fond of decorating themselves, their homes and statues of their gods with violets. The same wreaths were worn to children when they reached the age of three, thus showing that the defenseless years had passed for them and now they were entering life as little citizens. Violet was generally the favorite flower of the ancient Greeks. After the Greeks, the violet did not enjoy such love among anyone as among the ancient Gauls, for whom it was a symbol of innocence, modesty and virtue, therefore it was sprinkled on the marriage bed. Love for the violet passed to the descendants of the Gauls - the French, who during the poetic competitions that took place annually in Toulouse, one of the highest awards was the golden violet.
Among many European peoples, the violet was considered an emblem of purity, defenselessness, devotion and loyalty to their beloved knight. It has been repeatedly sung by writers and poets. According to the popular dream book, a violet seen in a dream brings joy. Violet is also credited with the ability to bewitch. To do this, the one who wants to bewitch, you need to sprinkle violet juice on your eyelids during sleep, and then, when he wakes up, come and stand in front of him. Thus, since ancient times, the violet flower has been surrounded by legends and beliefs. The Romans used violet as a healing herb, added it to wine, which immediately received the name of a spring drink. The Romans could not do without violets more than one joyful event and religious festival. In the cities of Rome, such as Genna in Sicily, there were even coins with the image of a violet. Many peoples have customs associated with these flowers. For example, Polish girls gave violets to their lover if he left for a long time. This symbolized the preservation of fidelity and love to give. It is no coincidence that tricolor violets were called "flowers for memory" in France. In England, they were a "heart's delight", they were presented to each other by lovers on February 14 - Valentine's Day. In ancient Germany, every spring the day when the first violet was found was celebrated. According to legend, whoever is lucky enough to be the first to pick this flower will marry the most beautiful girl and will be happy all his life. This flower played a special role in the life of Empress Josephine. Violet flowers were valuable to her, as a memory of the freedom returned to her. When Josephine, imprisoned and awaiting execution, was already completely desperate, one day the little daughter of the jailer brought her a bouquet of violets. Hope for salvation was born in the future empress, and her foreboding did not deceive her. Since then, she has not parted with these flowers. Even at formal balls, where the ladies' toilets were adorned with precious stones, Josephine was adorned only with a garland of violets worn on her head. In Rus', it was believed that violets are not entirely suitable for the garden, since these are flowers not for the living, but for the dead. In Central Russia, they are traditionally planted on graves. According to English folk belief, if you pick violets on a clear day, it will soon rain. Violets were the favorite colors of many famous people: Napoleon, Emperor Wilhelm, Shakespeare, writer Turgenev I.S., actress Sarah Bernhardt and many others. Author: Martyanova L.M. Violet. Myths, traditions, symbolism
Violet (lat. Viola odorato, Greek Ionia) is a small flower with a strong smell, which, according to popular belief, "teaches modesty", because, for all its smallness, it is a favorite symbol of spring. According to the Greek myth, in the meadow from which Hades, the god of the underworld, kidnapped Persephone, grew crocuses (saffron), roses, hyacinths, violets. The Romans on the day of commemoration of the dead decorated the graves with these flowers. Violet wreaths were worn at dinner parties, as these flowers were supposed to have a "cooling effect". They were also credited with the ability to alleviate headaches from a hangover. An old folk belief advises the first three violets found at the edge of the forest to be swallowed as a remedy for disease. Hochberg (1675) composed a poetic allegory: "March violet lost in the gravel.
The blue color of flowers, which was associated with fidelity and constancy, made them a valuable gift of love. In the Middle Ages, the appearance of the first violet was an occasion for merry spring holidays and outdoor dances. Author: Biedermann G.
Violet. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
The wonderful smell of violet, incomparable to anything in its tenderness, and the pleasant combination of the elegant lilac color of the flower with the juicy bright green of the leaves have made the little violet a favorite of man since time immemorial. According to one Eastern legend, it arose from Adam's tears of gratitude when, while he was on the island of Ceylon, the archangel Gabriel brought him the joyful news of the forgiveness of his sins by the Lord. Another legend tells: when once the sun god Apollo pursued one of the beautiful daughters of Atlas with his burning rays, the poor girl turned to Zeus with a plea to cover and protect her. And so the great Thunderer, heeding her prayers, turned her into a wonderful violet and hid her in the shade of his bushes, where since then she has bloomed every spring and filled the heavenly forests with her fragrance. Here, perhaps, this lovely flower would have remained forever and would never have come to our earth, had it not happened that Proserpina, the daughter of Zeus and Ceres, went to the forest for flowers, was abducted by the sudden appearance of Pluto just at the time when plucked violets. In fright, she dropped the flowers from her hands to the ground ... and it was these violets that served as the progenitors of those violets that grow to this day. Associated, therefore, with the memory of the abduction of Proserpina by Pluto, the violet was considered by the Greeks as a flower of sadness and death, which adorned both the deathbed and the graves of young, untimely dead girls. But on the other hand, as a gift from Proserpina, as a message given by her every spring to her mother Ceres, she served among the Greeks as an emblem of nature reviving every spring and the motto of Athens, which Pindar sang as a city crowned with violets, and sculptors and painters portrayed in the form of a woman with a wreath of violets on his head. With wreaths and bouquets of violets, the Greeks loved to adorn themselves, their homes and the statues of their household gods, and also crowned them every year on the day of the spring holiday of all children who had reached the age of three, wishing, as Paschal says, to show that the defenseless years for them had passed and that they now enter into life as little citizens. In general, violet is the favorite flower of the ancient Greeks. Homer, wishing to depict as vividly as possible all the charm of the grotto of the nymph Calypso, says that he was chosen by such wonderful violets that even Mercury, always in a hurry and not stopping at anything, could not help but slow down his step. The violet was no less interested in the Greeks and the Romans. They used it as a healing herb, and also added it to wine, which then received the name of a spring drink. Almost no joyful event, not a single religious festival could do without violets, and therefore the environs of Rome, like the environs of Athens, were entire plantations of violets. Even Pliny complains a lot about this, saying that the Romans would do better if instead of useless flowers they planted them with useful olive groves. They were also sung by the best Roman poets, and the city of Genna in Sicily even had the image of a violet on its coins. We meet with violet further in the legends of ancient Vendian mythology, where even some magical influence is attributed to it. The gloomy Vendian god Chernobog, says one of these legends, owned a magnificent castle and a lovely daughter. But then Christian preachers came, destroyed his strength, turned his wonderful castle into a rock, and his beautiful daughter into a violet that blooms only once in a hundred years. And whoever is lucky enough to pick this violet now will marry the most beautiful and richest of the brides of the country and will be the happiest of people all his life. In remembrance of this legend, in the Middle Ages in southern Germany they celebrated every spring the day when they found the first violet. The hero of the occasion was attached to a huge pole in the middle of a green lawn, and old and young gathered to sing, dance and have fun. Everyone was happy to finally get out of the cramped stuffy recesses in which they had to spend the winter, and, having gathered together, breathe in the fresh spring air and enjoy the wonderful spectacle of nature coming to life.
This custom even gave once, in the reign of Otto the Joyful, in the vicinity of Vienna, a pretext for a bloody feud between the knight Nit / Hardt Fuchs and the peasants - a feud glorified by the medieval poet, Meistersinger Hans Sachs, and more recently by Anastasius Grun. One spring Nit/Gardt found by chance in the forest on the Danube the first violet and, covering it with his hat, hurried to the duke to inform him of his happy find and invite him and the whole court to the "spring festival". In the meantime, a peasant, passing through the same place, and noticing a knight's hat in the middle of the field, was curious to see what was under it, and, finding a violet there, hastily tore it off, and put a heap of rubbish in its place. Then, covering everything with a hat, as if nothing had happened, he left. Meanwhile, Duke Otto, having invited all the ladies, all his retinue to the feast, solemnly appeared at the place where the violet grew. But when Nit/gardt raised his hat, to everyone's surprise, there was a heap of dirt where the violet had been. The enraged Viennese thought that Nit/gardt had done this in mockery, and became so irritated that poor Nit/gardt managed to escape their wrath only thanks to the speed of his horse. Offended, upset, Nit/gardt wondered how this could happen, when suddenly, having driven a little further, he saw his violet attached to a pole, and a whole crowd of peasants dancing and having fun around it. Drawing his sword from its scabbard, he rushed at them, began to disperse them, and, wounding many, remained at the place of the dance victorious. Since then, he has received the nickname of the enemy of the peasants. After the Greeks, violet was not loved by anyone like the ancient Gauls, for whom it served as a symbol of innocence, modesty and virginity, as a result of which it was sprinkled on the marriage bed of the newlyweds and adorned the grave of the untimely deceased bride. From the Gauls, this love for the violet passed to their descendants - the French, who during the poetic competitions that took place annually in Toulouse, one of the highest awards was the golden violet. Established in 1323, these competitions were distinguished by a special brilliance in 1490, when the famous beauty Clemence Isor became their head, putting the violet above all flowers and sending even this flower as an emblem of her eternal fidelity and constancy to her knight languishing in captivity from the infidels. The violet was also sung by French poets more than once, and the poet Desmarets, who lived in the reign of Louis XIV, sending a wreath of violets to the famous founder of literary evenings Julie de Ramboulier, makes this flower say the following about itself: “Without ambition, I hide in the grass, modest in my coloring, I am modest in my choice of place; but if ever I see myself on your forehead, then from the most modest flower I will turn into the most proud. Considering the violet a symbol of modesty and innocence, French writers could not even bear to be compared with anyone unworthy, and when Madame de Sevigne, out of flattery, decided to call the famous mistress of Louis XIV, Louise de La Vallière, a modest violet in her letters, then m- Mme de Genlis (also a French writer) was simply indignant at this comparison.
This modest flower was especially loved by many famous French actresses. So, for example, the famous French actress and at the same time the favorite of King Moritz of Saxony, Andrienne Lecouvreur, loved this flower so passionately that Moritz, wanting to please her, gave her a seal with a violet engraved on it. They even say that the bouquet with which her rival, the Duchess de Bouillon, poisoned her, was also made of violets. Another, no less famous, but who lived at the end of the 20th century, the French actress Mademoiselle Cleron loved this flower so much that one of her admirers started entire greenhouses of these flowers for her. And all year round for XNUMX years, both in summer and in winter, he sent her a bouquet of violets every morning. Wanting to show him no less constancy and friendship, Cleron plucked a flower every evening and, having brewed tea from it, drank it. It served as a love drink for her. Finally, a passionate fan of violets is the famous Sarah Bernhardt, whose whole apartment and all dresses are saturated with the smell of violets and all year round in the boudoir and in all rooms there are bouquets of violets. The violet was also loved by the unfortunate French king Louis XVI, whose beautiful soul had much in common with this modest flower; and from him this love passed to his heir (the Dauphin), who was always extremely pleased when he could bring to his father a bouquet of violets grown by his own hand. But this flower played a particularly outstanding, extremely strange role in the life of the Empress Josephine, as well as the emperors Napoleon I and Napoleon III, about which we will allow ourselves to tell a little more. The beginning of this story has some connection with the aforementioned love of the Dauphine's violet. On March 9, 1795, late in the evening, as some contemporaries say in the notes, at the gates of the Temple prison, in which the imprisoned little Dauphin was languishing, a young beautiful lady appeared with a pot of luxuriously blooming violets and asked the porter to hand them over to the poor little royal sufferer. She knew his passion for these flowers and wanted to please him by sending them to him as a greeting of spring to the walls of the dungeon. This lady was none other than Josephine Beauharnais, the future Empress of France. She also passionately loved these flowers and, feeling compassion for the sick baby, despising the danger that threatened her, she came, accompanied by Barras, to perform the holy work that her heart prompted. The child, ill with rickets, did not long experience this joy, and a month later he died within the walls of the dungeon. He was buried at night, secretly, in one secluded corner of the cemetery of St. Margarita, moreover, in memory of the fact that the child loved his pot of violets so much and, shortly before his death, sorting through their curly leaves with his weakening hands, whispered: “In the spring we will see you again, dear flowers,” some kind soul planted them for him to the grave. Since then, Josephine's flowers have bloomed every year on the unknown tomb of little Louis XVII, and, growing more and more, covered it every spring with a solid purple carpet. Meanwhile, having met at one of the brilliant balls arranged by the president of the convention, Barras, with the rising luminary at that time - the young general Bonaparte, Josephine captivated him with her beauty and her modest outfit, which stood out strongly among the republican fashionistas trying to outdo each other with the luxury of their toilets. Instead of precious stones, instead of bright, conspicuous flowers, all her decoration consisted only in a garland of violets worn on her head, and several bouquets of the same flowers pinned to her chest. These flowers were especially valuable to her as a memory of the return of her freedom. Imprisoned, as they say, at the beginning of the revolution, along with many other innocent victims, in the famous Conciergerie (preliminary prison), Josephine was waiting from minute to minute to be executed on the guillotine and was already saying goodbye to her life, when suddenly, one evening, the little daughter of the jailer came to her place of detention and gave her a bouquet of violets. This unexpected gift inspired her with the hope that the efforts of a high-ranking friend to release her from prison might be crowned with success, and she saw in the flowers these, as it were, happy harbingers of her imminent release. Indeed, her premonition did not deceive her. The friend's request had an effect, and the next day she was released.
Since then, the violet has become for Josephine a symbol of life and happiness, and when she met some unfortunate, oppressed, she never missed the opportunity to give him violets as a hope for a happy resolution of his grief. Perhaps this was even the reason that she took it into her head to present them to the Dauphin. Her passion for these flowers reached the extreme. All her dresses were woven with violets, purple was her favorite color, living violets served as her only decoration, and she and everything around her was saturated with their smell. Enchanted, enchanted by her, General Bonaparte did not leave her all evening, and when she left, he accompanied her to the carriage. Saying goodbye to him, Josephine leaned over, and the bouquet of violets that was on her chest accidentally fell at her feet. Napoleon seized him, pressed him passionately to his lips, and took him away with him as the first pledge of love. On March 9, 1796, exactly one year after the day when Josephine brought violets to the poor Dauphin, her solemn wedding with Napoleon took place in the building of the city hall of Paris. Again Josephine was dressed in a dress woven with violets, again in her hands and on her chest were bouquets of violets - her flowers of love and happiness. Leaving the town hall, excited, joyful, she could not restrain herself, and when a few tears of joy fell on her bouquet, she, turning to Napoleon, said: - Let me, my dear friend, always wear these flowers on this wonderful day of my life. May they be every spring a renewal of our love, our happiness. And Napoleon never forgot this request. Wherever he was: in the midst of battles, whether on a campaign, whether intoxicated by a child of glory, Josephine always found on her wedding day a fresh bouquet of violets on the night table of her bedchamber. Years passed, Josephine's head was adorned with the imperial crown, but still there was no greater pleasure for her than receiving a bouquet of violets that day. Meanwhile, Napoleon's fame and power increased more and more, and Josephine's lucky star began to fade. A hand dear to her was preparing to deal her a fatal blow. There were still only vague rumors about Napoleon's intention to choose a more suitable wife from the royal family and about Josephine's voluntary abdication, as came March 9, 1808. As if on purpose, on the eve of that day, the palace gardener, who cultivated violets, died, and Napoleon did not want to give her flowers from the garden where the deceased was. But where were the other violets to be found at that time? Messengers were sent to them all over Paris with orders to find, by all means, violets. But the work was in vain: nowhere and no one had them. Meanwhile, the hour when the flowers were to be brought to Josephine was approaching. Agitated, alarmed that Josephine might take this as an omen of some kind of misfortune threatening her, Napoleon leaves the palace and embarks on a search for flowers himself. He goes around all the streets, all the squares where they sell flowers, but he does not find anything and is already thinking about how to calm Josephine, when, approaching the Louvre, he sees at the gate a small, completely hunched old woman with a basket full of lovely bunches of violets. Overjoyed, he snatches the best bouquet from her, throws her a handful of gold ones, and before the old woman comes to her senses, she disappears. Triumphant, he enters Josephine, brings her a bouquet and tells her about all the labor that it cost him. Blushing with joy, Josephine embraces Napoleon, thanks him for his efforts, and kisses the bouquet. But suddenly he turns pale, feels ill, and, dropping the bouquet from his hands, exclaims with horror: "Away, away! These are the flowers of death ... They bloomed on the grave!" To calm the agitated Josephine and prove that everything she says is nothing but the fruit of her imagination, Napoleon sends for an old woman who was selling flowers. But all searches are in vain: no one knows her, no one has seen her. The presentiment, however, did not deceive Josephine. Two days later, an old woman is found, and she confesses that she picked these flowers on someone's grave, in the cemetery of St. Margaret. These were just the flowers of Josephine, presented by her to the Dauphin. From this moment Josephine knows no more peace. A vague foreboding of something terrible, some unexpected misfortune haunts her everywhere. And soon this premonition turns into a bitter reality: she learns about Napoleon's decision to break up with her and marry the daughter of the Austrian emperor, Marie-Louise. This decision is not long in coming, and, forced to part with the one whom she valued above all else, whom she almost idolized, Josephine retires to her beloved castle of Malmaison, where, not receiving anyone and not seeing anyone else, lives in solitude, all indulging in the care of flowers. In them she sees her best friends, she believes her grief to them alone. Thousands of flowers are now brought here from all over the world. Here you can meet the children of the south and the far north, natives of the valleys and mountains, and one cannot be found - violets. Josephine not only no longer wears these favorite flowers, not only does not want to see them anymore, but she does not even order to pronounce their name ... So four years pass, when suddenly on March 9, 1814, with a bouquet of violets, a three-year-old baby appears to her - the son of Napoleon, and after him Napoleon himself. Moved to tears, Josephine rushes into the arms of Napoleon and forgets for a moment all the bitterness of the offense inflicted on her. It was Josephine's last happy day, the last happy day of her life, because two months later, in the same luxurious drawing room where she received Napoleon with the little "King of Rome", her coffin was already standing, all strewn with violets, and funeral singing was heard. Having endured a heavy sacrifice for the sake of a loved one, she could not bear his grief - exile to the island of Elba.
But with the death of Josephine, the violet does not disappear from the history of Napoleon. It becomes the motto of his adherents, and later of the Napoleonic party in general. These adherents continue to see in her the flower of happiness of the great emperor. And when, on March 20, just as the first violets bloom in the south, Napoleon escapes from the island of Elba and appears among his jubilant veterans, they greet him with joyful cries: "Here he is, here he is the father of the violet." And all the soldiers, all his adherents appear with violets in their buttonholes, all the women - with bouquets of these flowers on their chests, on their hats, and all houses, all shops are decorated with violets - in the hope of a new spring, a new revival of the empire. However, this jubilation, as you know, did not last long. On June 22, Napoleon was already forced to abdicate in favor of his infant son. Then, remembering Josephine, he went for the last time to Malmaison and picked violets on her grave, which bloomed here almost all the year round. But the lucky star that shone with Josephine's flowers has gone down. Violets were taken from the grave. On July 15, 1814, he was put on the ship "Belerophon" and transported as a prisoner to the island of St. Helena. After his death, on his chest in a gold medallion, with which he never parted, they found two dried violets and a lock of blond hair - a memory of his morning and evening star - his dear Josephine and his no less dear son - the king of Rome. However, after the death of Napoleon, the mysterious connection of violets with him does not stop. This flower continues to play its role, as we have already said, in the fate of its descendants. In vain seeking from all the courts a wife suitable for him in dignity, Napoleon III finally settled on a charming Spaniard, whom fate itself, as it were, destined for him. Eugenia, Countess of Montijo, Duchess de Teba - such was the name of the future Empress of the French. Her father, the Duke of Penerando de Teba, belonged to one of the noblest Spanish families, and her mother came from the ancient Scottish family of Kirpatrick Glasborne, related to the Stuarts and the Dukes of Alba. Eugenia's mother's parents moved to Paris under Napoleon I and became his adherents. Here, Maria, that was the name of Eugenia's mother, while still a child, played in the Tuileries Garden with other children and accidentally met little Louis Napoleon, the son of his beloved stepdaughter (Josephine's daughter from his first marriage) and at the same time Napoleon's daughter-in-law - Queen Hortense. And both children got along and became friends so much that one day little Louis Napoleon brought his girlfriend a bouquet of violets with a gold ring on it as a gift. When Maria came home, her mother, seeing this ring, inside of which was written "Josephine", ordered to immediately take it back and give the boy's nanny. But the next day, the boy did not come to the garden and then completely disappeared, so that the ring, willy-nilly, remained with Mary. As it turned out later, it was the wedding ring of Empress Josephine, which Louis Napoleon, playing with his uncle (Napoleon I), removed from his finger and hid somewhere. Then they looked for him everywhere, rummaged through the whole palace, but they could not find him. Napoleon was very upset and left for the war with Austria without him. This was a bad omen for Josephine, which was soon justified, since this war ended with Napoleon's marriage to the daughter of the Austrian emperor, Marie-Louise. Little Mary loved this ring very much and carefully kept it among her most precious little things, but she had not the slightest idea either about who gave it or about its true value. Having reached the age of 16, she married her uncle, the Duke of Penerando, and on May 5, 1826, she had a little daughter, who was given the name Eugenia. When Eugenia grew up, her mother gave her her cherished ring and ordered her to cut out in it, next to the name of Josephine, another date of May 5, i.e. Evgeniya's birthday. Little Eugenia, visiting her mother's relatives more than once in London, saw here Prince Napoleon, who lived in London as a member of the political society of the Carbonari. He liked the lively, charming Eugenia very much; he began to play with her, and the girl, like all children, immediately brought all her best toys and jewels. Among them was the famous ring. Louis Napoleon immediately recognized him, was extraordinarily delighted, and from that moment considered himself, as it were, bound by some mysterious chain with little Eugenia. Meanwhile, Eugenia's mother, having learned about the significance of the ring given to her, immediately drew up her plan of action and, pointing Evgenia in this ring, as it were, to the highest predestination of God, tried in every possible way so that she would not marry anyone other than Louis Napoleon. In order to better carry out her plan, she moved to Paris, where she tried her best to meet with Louis Napoleon, who at that time was already preparing to turn into an emperor from a member of the Carbonari party. Evgenia appeared before him only with a bouquet of violets on her hat or on her chest, in a purple dress or with a veil the color of violets. When, in 1851, everything was ready for a coup d'état and Eugenia appeared at the ball given in the town hall of Paris dressed, just like the Empress Josephine - with violets in her hair and a bouquet of violets on her shoulder, her fate was decided. Napoleon was defeated, and on January 29, 1853, Eugenie became Empress of the French. Since then, the violet has become her favorite flower, and at the same time the flower of the whole fashionable world. Only these were no longer the modest violets of Josephine, but their ennobled appearance - Parma - with a darker color and a stronger smell. (Parma violet is a large-flowered terry variety of fragrant violet, cultivated in Italy and France on the Mediterranean coast for the production of expensive perfumes.) So these violets bloomed and fragrant like a flower of joy for more than 20 years, until January 9, 1873, they turned again into a flower of death. On this day, Napoleon III died - he died as an exile from his fatherland in England. On January 14, in Chiselgerst, in the front hall, hung with coats of arms with the imperial crown and lined with countless candlesticks with brightly burning candles, Napoleon III lay in his coffin. A crucifix rested on his chest, and around his coffin in various forms: in wreaths, bouquets, garlands, and even simply scattered on the floor, there were violets sent from numerous friends and adherents of the Napoleonic dynasty from France. It was, as it were, the last greetings of his homeland ... Will violets bloom again on Napoleon's tomb? His adherents remain faithful to them to this day: on the name day of Empress Eugenie in Nice, where she constantly resides, the whole church is decorated with violets sent from all over France as a reminder that Napoleon's faithful followers have not yet forgotten him. In addition, numerous violets sellers sit at the entrance to the church, and not one of those going to the church will enter there without purchasing a bouquet.
Another sad story is connected with the violet, which is related to the epoch of the revolution now described. This is the story of a Parisian street celebrity - "the old woman with violets", as everyone called her - Louise Pichon. Shortly before 1855, on a modest coffin taken out of the church of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, surprised passers-by could see hundreds of bouquets of withered, dried violets, with which he was literally covered. The deceased was the bride of Bari, one of the four sergeants of La Rochelle who died on the scaffold at the beginning of the reign of Louis Philippe. A few hours before his execution, Bari asked the prison priest who came to confess him to give his bride a farewell bouquet of violets, and his request was sacredly fulfilled. Having received this last gift from a dearly loved person who until the last minute hoped for a pardon, the unfortunate Louise went crazy, and since then for 35 years she was seen all over Paris, especially in the Faubourg Saint-Germain, where she lived, walking with a bunch of violets and summer and winter. She then collected all these bouquets in a closet, where they were found on the day of her death. Dying, she asked that these flowers, with which she never parted and in which for her the dearest memories of a loved one came to life, were laid with her in the grave. And now, in fulfillment of her last will, last wish, all the bunches were laid on her coffin, so that at burial they would follow with her to her last earthly dwelling. This spectacle made a heavy and at the same time pleasant impression. To love so passionately for 35 years - is this not a model of constancy! And every passer-by, every passer-by involuntarily thought about the sad life of poor Louise and, being baptized, sent a prayer for her repose... Such is the curious role of the violet in the history of France, but this modest flower was also loved in some other countries: loved by both sovereigns and poets, who more than once sang it in their poems. Shakespeare calls it his favourite, Shelley sings it in his poems, Thomas Moore sings it in Lalla Rook, and Goethe not only sings it, but tries to make his native city of Weimar become like Athens, whose environs, as we have seen before, represented a continuous field of these flowers, to a city crowned with violets. Everywhere - near roads, in fields, in public parks, on the edges of forests - you can now find violets. The people call them Goethe's violets, because the great poet had such a passionate love for this flower that he never went out for walks without taking violet seeds with him, which he then scattered along the way wherever he could. And now, although many years have passed since the poet is gone, every spring the surroundings of Weimar turn into a luxurious carpet of violets - this is a memory of him that will remain for many decades to come and, perhaps, even outlive the glory of his creations. In addition to Goethe, violets in Germany also enjoyed great love from the famous author of "Pictures of Nature" Alexander von Humboldt and the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. The king was especially fond of decorating with violets the portrait of his late wife, Queen Louise, in memory of the fact that this portrait, entwined with a garland of violets, appeared to him in a vision on the very day when he founded the Order of the Iron Cross, replacing, as you know, among the Germans our George Cross and serving as a reward for bravery. The late aged emperor Wilhelm also loved violets, who was served a plate with fresh violets every day at breakfast, at any time of the year, and on his birthday they cleaned the entire dining table and the entire hall. This custom was preserved in some way even after his death. And now every year on March 22, on his birthday, you can see the table of his office and his whole room with selected fresh violets. Finally, our great writer I.S. Turgenev also loved them. Being treated in Wiesbaden, he walked every morning with a bouquet of fragrant violets, which he then invariably offered to G. Balashova, who was treated at the same time as him. "These are my favorite flowers," he told her, as she reports in one of the Moscow newspapers. "I feel special pleasure in handing them to you here every morning. This is something outside my course program. Don't tell anyone, anyone about this ..." Author: Zolotnitsky N. Violet. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Violet is the emblem of reviving spring nature. She has a wonderful, incomparable delicate smell and a pleasant combination of lilac flower color with juicy bright green leaves. Among the ancient Greeks, violet was a flower of sadness and death: they strewn the deathbed of young girls. But at the same time, she was also a symbol of spring, personifying the reviving nature. Wreaths of violets were put on the heads of children who lived for three years, as if to say that the most carefree, earliest time of their lives had passed. Among the ancient Gauls, violet was considered a symbol of innocence, modesty and virginity. She decorated the bed of the newlyweds and laid in the grave of the untimely deceased bride. Meek, shy, modest - these are the most common epithets of violets. The famous actress Sarah Bernard loved these flowers very much. But more than others, the life of Josephine Beauharnais, the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, is connected with violets. When the young General Napoleon came to power, he imprisoned the royalist General Beauharnais and his wife Josephine. Beauharnais was executed, and Josephine expected the same fate. One day she received a bunch of violets as a gift from the jailer's daughter. Josephine vowed that if she was lucky enough to get out of prison, she would devote her life to breeding violets. The next day, Josephine was released, but on March 9, 1795, she appeared at the gates of the prison with a pot of blooming violets and begged the prison guards to hand over the flowers to the sick prisoner, heir to the French throne. Her request was granted, but the Dauphin died a month later. They buried him at night, and someone's caring hand salted the violets on his grave. So the flowers of Josephine covered the grave of little Louis XVII with a purple carpet. Flowers received from the hands of the jailer's daughter became for Josephine a symbol of life and happiness. A few days later she was invited to a ball attended by the young General Bonaparte, the future emperor of France. Josephine was dressed in a modest dress, and bouquets of fresh phials were burning on her head and on her chest. Napoleon approached Josephine and did not leave her all evening. Moreover, he volunteered to see Josephine off, and as he closed the carriage door, a bouquet of fresh violets from Josephine's chest fell at his feet. Napoleon quickly picked up the violets and heatedly raised them to his lips... Exactly one year after Josephine took the violets to the Dauphin, on March 9, 1796, she was married to Napoleon. Josephine's dress was woven with violets, and the same flowers blazed in her arms and hair. When leaving the town hall, Josephine asks her husband never to forget their wedding day and, if possible, bring her a bunch of fresh violets that day, so that every spring they are, as it were, a guarantee of continued happiness. Napoleon never forgot his wife's requests, and each time he returned he gave her violets. But one day, returning late from a campaign, he could not find violets anywhere in Paris, and only near the Temple prison did he see an old woman with a whole basket of violets. Without saying a word, Napoleon laid out the money for the old woman and appeared before his wife with a whole basket of flowers. - Where did you get them? she asks, looking frightened into her husband's face. And, having learned that the flowers were bought at the corner of the Temple prison, he faints, considering this a bad omen, since the violets bought by Napoleon were flowers from the grave of the Dauphin ... Soon, Napoleon parted ways with Josephine, who retired to Malméon Castle. The last time they saw each other was a week before the departure of the former emperor to St. Helena. But the exiled emperor and the rejected wife dedicate the rest of their lives to the cultivation of violets and, moreover, in their wills they ask to remove their coffins with violets. The German poet Gothe, who loved violets, wanted them to grow in abundance around his hometown of Weimar, and therefore, walking in the suburbs, scattered their seeds. Soon all the surroundings of Weimar were buried in purple flowers. Violets grow there to this day, they are called "Goethe's violets" in memory of the poet, and local gardeners, in honor of the ingenious Goethe's "Faust", brought out new varieties of violets: Dr. Faust - black, Mephistopheles - bright red, Margarita - pale blue . this variety is called pansies.
The ancient Romans called violet the flower of Jupiter. And according to ancient Greek legend, the god of light Apollo pursued one of the beautiful daughters of Atlas, and the girl turned to Zeus with a plea for help. The Great Thunderer took pity and turned her into a blooming violet. And, probably, the violet would have to stay in heaven for a long time if the daughters of Zeus and Demeter, the beautiful Persephone, did not like the flowers. At the sight of the violets, Perssfon knelt down, examining each aureole with curiosity, choosing the freshest and prettiest for the bouquet. It was then that the god of the underworld Hades crept up to her. Persephone rushed away from her pursuer, clutching plucked violets to her chest, but Hades nevertheless caught up with her. Desperately fighting back, the girl dropped the violets, and they fell to the ground. This is where the duality in the veneration of the flower among the ancient Greeks comes from: on the one hand, violet is a sign of mourning; on the other, a symbol of reviving nature. And in the legends of the famous Latvian writer Anna Sakse, a small, charming violinist is a violet. The magical sounds of her violin can be heard by anyone with a tender loving heart and a kind, docile nature. A beautiful graceful flower under the name of Parma violet has been grown for centuries not only for bouquets, but also for the perfume industry. In the small shops of the Italian city of Parma, bottles of Vera Violetta perfumes are still sold today, made according to the recipes of 1870 from Parma violet. In Lvov, they recently found a verse book "Barvichkoya" published in 1605, in which the author advises women not to travel either to India or to the Lebanese lands, but to prepare ointments and creams for the skin of the neck, hands, face in their native land, mixing with honey, garlic or goat's milk roots and flowers of narcissus, roses, pears and violets. Scientists suggest that under the violet, the author, who took refuge under the pseudonym Smooth-faced from Lekorzhevits, meant the fragrant violet, that is, the Parma violet mentioned above. Author: Krasikov S.
Violet, Viola. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Violet, Viola. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Violets (Viola) are perennial flowers native to Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Depending on the species, they can be used to decorate gardens, windows and balconies, as well as in cooking and medicine. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
Violets are beautiful flowers that can be used to decorate and make tea.
▪ Helenium ▪ Common parsley (garden parsley) ▪ Uysun ▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024 Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024 Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
▪ Optical Neural Network Accelerator
▪ site section Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters. Article selection ▪ Pearl Buck article. Famous aphorisms ▪ article Who was initially going to be treated with doctor's sausage? Detailed answer ▪ Kohlrabi article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page