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Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
6. Features of planting and growing

Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries), Fragaria moschata. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Strawberry (Fragaria)

Family: Pink (Rosaceae)

Origin: Europe and Asia

Area: Widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of Eurasia, including Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.

Chemical composition: Muscat strawberries contain vitamins C, B6, K and E, as well as iron, potassium, magnesium and copper. It is also rich in phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid, flavonoids, and anthocyanins.

Economic value: Muscat strawberry is grown mainly as a garden plant for its berries. It is also used in cooking, for making desserts, jams, syrups and other sweets. In addition, nutmeg strawberry also has medicinal properties, it is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases, including stomach and skin problems.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In the mythology of various cultures, nutmeg strawberry is associated with femininity, love and beauty. In Greek mythology, strawberries are associated with the goddess Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. In Chinese culture, strawberries are considered a symbol of love and happiness. In medieval Europe, strawberries were associated with fidelity, ideal love, and beauty. In addition, Muscat strawberries are considered a symbol of youth and health. In folk medicine, it was used to treat various diseases. Muscat strawberry symbolizes love, beauty, fidelity, youth and health.

Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries), Fragaria moschata. Description, illustrations of the plant

Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries), Fragaria moschata. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Sometimes strawberries are mistakenly called another berry - pineapple (garden) strawberries, which appeared in Russia only in the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries and originated from virgin and Chilean strawberries, and not from green strawberries or wild strawberries.

Scientists deduce a kind of pedigree of nutmeg strawberries from wild strawberries with the formation of a species with a double set of chromosomes - eastern strawberries (Fragaria orientalis), which, in turn, by repeated crossing with wild strawberries, evolved into a hexaploid species - nutmeg strawberries. This path of development is regarded as an element of increasing the adaptive potential of the species to suddenly changed environmental conditions, which allowed the newly emerged species to spread throughout Europe in the post-glacial period.

Archaeological excavations show that musky strawberries grew in European forests as early as the Neolithic. Most likely, it was known as a delicacy already in the era of antiquity. This fact can be supported by references in Egyptian and Greek written sources. Virgil speaks of this plant as the savior of inattentive young people, who, only thanks to this berry, could notice a snake in the grass. In the XNUMXth century, the first plants of this species migrated from the Pyrenees to Provence, and later to Languedoc. Further, strawberries rapidly conquered all of Europe.

The Russian name "strawberry" comes from the old Russian word "strawberry", and they called it that because its fruits hang close to the ground. The botanical description of the plant was given by the priest, doctor, caretaker of the botanical garden in Zweibrücken Jerome Bock (Tragus) in 1553. He described two plants and named them Fragaria rubra and Fragaria candida from the Latin "fragaris" (fragrant).

The name "strawberry" comes from the Slavic and Old Russian word "klub", meaning "spherical, round body", since originally strawberries in Rus' for many centuries were called green strawberries (Fragaria viridis), which have spherical berries. But with the scientific classification of plants of the genus Strawberry in the XNUMXth century, this name was assigned not to it, but to nutmeg strawberries, more common in Europe. Hence the names - "European strawberries", "Spanish strawberries", "spanka". Since Muscat strawberries have a specific musky aroma and taste - hence the species epithet "musky", "muscat" in the names.

In the Russian language of the XIX century. the Fragaria moschata plant was called strawberry. With the wide distribution of the berry, which in the specialized literature is now called pineapple (garden) strawberry, obtained by hybridization of two American types of strawberries, in Moscow and St. ) - Victoria, named after one of the first varieties of garden strawberries.

Perennial herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, 15-40 cm tall, much longer than the basal leaves collected in a rosette. Creeping shoots ("whiskers") are often absent. The stem and petioles of the leaves are covered with thick, horizontally protruding simple and glandular hairs.

The leaves are trifoliate, large, the leaflets are ovate-rhombic on short petioles, coarsely and broadly toothed, hairy above, densely silky hairy below, bluish-green, with protruding veins.

Inflorescence corymbose of 5-12 flowers with short, densely protruding hairy pedicels, considerably elongating after flowering. The flowers are large, up to 2,5 cm in diameter, usually unisexual, often dioecious. Sepals in fruits are spaced; external - linear-lanceolate, shorter than internal, lanceolate. Stamens of male flowers up to 15 mm long, numerous. Insect pollinated, flowers in May.

Karyotype: 2n 42. The main distinguishing feature of the Muscat strawberry is genetically determined and consists in the fact that the cells of the Muscat strawberry have a set of chromosomes three times larger than that of the wild strawberry and green strawberry. Musky strawberries are incompatible with any of these species when cross-pollinated.

Fruits are small (3-5 g), with a strong specific aroma of honey, musk and wine, ovoid or spherical, narrowed at the base into a neck free from fruitlets (nutlets), white, greenish-white and only reddening, pinkish or less often on one side red, difficult to separate from the receptacle. Nuts naked, submerged. Fruits in July, ornitho- and zoochore (distributed by birds and, in general, by animals). The fruits are not stored and do not tolerate transportation well.

Distributed in Europe, except for the extreme north and south.

Strawberries are quite winter-hardy, but prolonged frosts without snow cause the death of plants, are not drought-resistant, grow better and bear fruit with little shading.

The fruits contain sugars (6-9,5%), citric, malic, quinic, salicylic, phosphoric acids, succinic, traces of shikimic and glycolic acids appear when ripe; vitamin C, pectins, anthocyanins, carotene, essential oil, traces of vitamin B; flavonoids - quercetin, quercitrin. The calorie content of strawberries is 36,9 kcal per 100 g, which makes it a dietary product.

Berries are consumed fresh, frozen and processed (jam, marshmallow, juices, etc.) form.

The plant has numerous medicinal properties - it has a diuretic, hemostatic, astringent and anti-inflammatory action. The fruits have anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antiseptic and mild laxative effects. Berries are considered an excellent source of ascorbic acid and are recommended for use in vitamin deficiency. They have a general strengthening effect, improve the activity of the digestive system, regulate and normalize stools.

Berries can cause allergic processes, respectively, those who have an increased allergenic background should use these fruits with caution. For example, hives, rashes, and itchy skin may appear. It should also be more careful to eat it in case of stomach diseases.

In fresh form, the fruits are used for food, in the confectionery industry - for wines and liqueurs. Strawberries are also used in cosmetics. In folk medicine, infusions of fruits and leaves are used as a diuretic and diaphoretic, for colds and anemia.

Due to evolutionary changes, in particular, with the strengthening of the winter hardiness complex, nutmeg strawberries could not but interest gardeners from the point of view of introducing it into the culture, where it has been known since the XNUMXth century. Bred hybrids with pineapple strawberries - zemkluniki.

Muscat strawberries were widely cultivated in Central Europe until they were replaced by varieties of pineapple or garden strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch). In terms of yield, Muscat strawberries are much inferior to garden strawberries.

Demanding on moisture, shade-tolerant. Cultivation is somewhat difficult due to its dioecious nature. When planting, be sure to ensure a plantation of 20% of plants with male flowers.

Strawberry. Interesting plant facts

We used to call large garden strawberries strawberries.

It is not right. Strawberries are a completely different plant. It looks more like a wild strawberry.

Only the whiskers of strawberries are shorter and the sepals are tightly pressed to the fruit, while those of strawberries are raised.

Botanists call strawberries "green strawberries".

Strawberries grow in meadows, steppes, on dry slopes, forest edges. It blooms in late spring and early summer. And in June you can already pick berries.

Strawberries are spherical, yellowish-white and reddish only at the top. They are small, but fragrant and tasty.

Strawberries are also grown in household plots, but much less often than strawberries. She has small berries, and the yield is small.

Strawberries can be found in the south of Europe, in the Caucasus, in Siberia, in Central Asia.

Author: Smirnov A.

Strawberry. Application in cosmetology

In the list of cultivated plants, strawberries are considered one of the richest in vitamins. Strawberries contain vitamins C, B and B1, provitamin A, B2, P, PP, salts of iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, organic acids and nitrogenous substances.

For oily skin, a mask of fresh crushed fruits is recommended. The mask cleanses the skin, softens and dissolves sebaceous plugs, tones, stimulates blood circulation.

For dry flaky skin, apply a mask of strawberry pulp mixed with sour cream and honey in equal parts. If there is no sour cream, it can be replaced with cream or full-fat milk. The mixture is applied in a thin layer on the skin of the face, neck, hands and removed after 20 minutes with a cotton swab dipped in warm water. Wrinkles are smoothed out, the skin becomes soft and supple.

You can massage your face with fresh hard berries, frozen juice.

Author: Reva M.L.

Strawberry. Features of planting and growing

The bright red berry that is cultivated in our gardens is called garden strawberry or Fragaria ananassa in Latin - pineapple strawberry. Strawberry is not a colloquial name, but simply incorrect - this is the name of another very similar plant of the same genus. The bushes of real strawberries are thicker, and the berries, on the contrary, are smaller.

The modern garden strawberry comes from France. We can say that she was born not due to selection, but due to a fortunate combination of circumstances. The progenitors of the garden strawberry are the Virginian strawberry in North America and the Chilean strawberry native to South America.

By a lucky chance, these two representatives of different latitudes of the American continents were next to each other in the garden at Versailles. Immediately in the Versailles Garden, self-pollination took place, and garden strawberries appeared, which significantly outperformed their ancestors in terms of yield and taste.

Strawberries have long been considered a symbol of love. There is even a legend in Japan: if you find heart-shaped fused strawberries and share them with your loved one, then love and happiness are guaranteed. And in France, an invitation to strawberries with champagne or strawberry fondue is unofficially considered a declaration of love.

In Europe and the USA, there are many specialized strawberry plantations where the berry is grown on an industrial scale. By the way, according to experts, the cultivation of strawberries is the most profitable agricultural business, ahead of even winemaking in terms of profitability. In addition, unlike many garden crops, strawberries are fully suitable for our climate, and therefore the harvest is more dependent not on the vagaries of the weather, but on the skills and accuracy of the gardener.

Strawberries are a unique complex cosmetic product. It has long been found that strawberries have a whitening effect; strawberry juice removes age spots and freckles.

Recently it turned out that these berries are an excellent antiseptic. They contain acetylsalicylic acid, which has an exfoliating effect, which means strawberry peeling renews the skin. And finally, it turned out that the copper contained in it stimulates the production of collagen, which keeps the skin supple.

After that, strawberries became a popular remedy among cosmetologists.

Secrets of planting strawberries. Strawberry is a perennial plant. That is, if it is not disturbed, strawberries can grow in one place for up to 10 years, multiplying on their own. But the harvest of such "semi-wild" strawberries will decrease every year, and the berries will shrink.

Another approach to growing strawberries is to strictly adhere to rather complex agricultural practices. But at the same time, this method rewards gardeners. Properly grown, and most importantly, carefully cultivated strawberries give a bountiful harvest.

Predecessors. In the same place, strawberries can be planted for 4 years, then they take a break for 2 years. Strawberries are not very demanding on the content of minerals in the soil, so they can be grown after many crops: radishes and turnips, parsley and spinach, radishes and dill, any legumes, carrots, corn, some bulbous flowers (tulips and hyacinths).

It is best to plant strawberries after green manure plants. Cereal crops are especially good.

Plants from the Rosaceae family should not be grown nearby: raspberries, hawthorn, mountain ash or wild rose.

Legumes and corn are good neighbors, as they will supply the soil with nitrogen.

Landing place. When choosing a site for planting strawberries, it should be remembered that we plant a berry for a long time, at least 3 years (it’s no longer worth it - the plants themselves degenerate, and pathogens accumulate in the ground). This should be taken into account when planting other crops in the garden and crop rotation. In a place where strawberries have already grown, a new crop is planted no earlier than after 6 years. Potatoes and tomatoes are undesirable precursors for strawberries, and green manure herbs are the most suitable.

Strawberries grow well on flat surfaces, as well as on surfaces with a slope facing the southwest. It is not recommended to grow strawberries on a steep slope, as well as in low-lying places - cold air accumulates there, from which the harvest is belated, and the number of diseases increases.

Not to achieve good results and on the steep southern slopes, where the snow melts quickly, leaving strawberries exposed. Strawberry is a moisture-loving plant, but it does not tolerate waterlogging. The strawberry planting site should be protected from the wind, as part of the root system freezes at a temperature of -10-12 ° C. Therefore, it winters much more comfortably under the cover of snow, which has a layer of at least 20-25 cm.

The soil. There is an opinion that strawberries can be grown on absolutely any soil. Of course, this is not true. Extreme options - these are very heavy and very light soils - are equally bad.

On moist soils close to groundwater, strawberries are grown on high ridges.

On sandy soils, strawberries produce a low yield with small berries. There is never enough moisture here.

Ridges in the lowlands, as well as where groundwater flows close, rise by at least 30-35 cm.

In dry places, the ridges make low 8-10 cm, or you can do without them at all. You should not get carried away with them: ants are very fond of settling in strawberry ridges.

On loamy soils, add per 1 sq. m a bucket of manure-humus and a bucket of peat; and on sandy ones - a bucket of peat, soddy soil, humus and 3-4 kg of sawdust.

The beds must be dug to a depth of 30-35 cm, while the soil must be thoroughly cleaned of all weed roots, the May beetle larvae and yellow wireworm larvae must be removed.

After digging, the bed is leveled and sprinkled on top with a small layer (up to 2 cm) of coarse sand. It interferes with the development of slugs, snails, centipedes, which like to settle in damp humus soils.

Landing time. The most successful periods for planting strawberries are early autumn and early spring. Most often, strawberries are planted in September. Do this with pre-prepared seedlings.

Strawberries propagate vegetatively with the help of a mustache on which the future of the plant arises, or artificial breeding of a whole seedling bush, which is a small rosette with three to four leaves, a well-developed heart and root system.

Purchased seedlings are recommended to be disinfected. To do this, the sockets are washed together with the root system in the following solution: 3 tablespoons of table salt and one teaspoon of copper sulfate, diluted in 10 liters of water. Immerse strawberry rosettes in this solution for 10-15 minutes.

If the seedlings are planted in the spring, then the so-called "frigo" strawberries are considered the best for planting - these are seedlings that were dug out in the fall and kept at a low temperature all winter.

When planting any strawberry seedlings, you can neither deepen nor raise the heart. Otherwise, in the first case, it rots, and in the second case, it dries up. It is also very important when planting that the roots are straightened and not tucked. For early and mid-early varieties, planting in the first year is condensed.

The distance between the rows is 60 cm, and between the bushes in a row - 15 cm. With such a concentrated planting in the first year, strawberries give a very high yield due to the concentration of planting.

As soon as the last harvest of berries is harvested, every second bush is removed, and a distance of 30 cm from the bush remains in the garden.

For late varieties of strawberries, the planting pattern in the first year is as follows: a distance of 60 cm is left between the rows, and 20 cm from the bush in the row. After the first summer crop is harvested, every second bush is removed and the plants remain at a distance of 40 cm from each other. friend.

Strawberries planted in autumn begin to bear fruit in early July. The first two years strawberries give the best harvest. In the third year, the number of berries remains the same, but they themselves become smaller. So after receiving the third harvest, strawberries must be removed from the site. Although most often it is a pity for gardeners to do this, because the third harvest is usually still good. But it is necessary to do this, because after the third year the strawberries begin to degenerate.

Fertilizer. From mineral fertilizers per 1 sq. m contribute two tablespoons of nitrophoska. If the beds are made in the fall, then in addition you need to add 1 cup of wood ash and 2 cups of dolomite flour.

If the beds are prepared in the spring, then in addition to nitrophoska, one half-liter jar of wood ash is added. It is better not to add fertilizer with chlorine under strawberries, since chlorine is dangerous for strawberries.

Lime fertilizers, including dolomite flour, and all others, are applied under strawberries only in the fall, and not in the spring, because dolomite flour and fluffy lime contain calcium, which negatively affects the development of plants if they are applied right before landing.

Often, when growing strawberries, failures lie in wait for us, since strawberries are rather capricious in terms of growing and require some attention and care.

Before harvest. The main concern for strawberries before harvesting is watering. The earth should be constantly moistened, but not flooded. Where it is not possible to water independently in large areas, it is better to install sprinkler installations. Strawberries do not tolerate even the shortest drought.

Harvesting is perhaps the most difficult thing in the cultivation of this crop. Firstly, it is very poorly stored (maximum two days). Secondly, the strawberries plucked from the bush must be put in the very container from which they will then eat them or in which they will sell them.

Any spilling and shifting should be avoided. A damaged strawberry spoils in just a few hours.

On plantations in the United States, strawberry pickers are prohibited from having long nails, wearing jewelry on their fingers and hands, and any objects that may be dangerous to strawberries.

After the harvest. The plants are removed from the site along with the roots. There are recommendations to renew strawberry plantations every year. That is, annually after harvesting, plow a strawberry plantation, and then plant new seedlings in this place in the fall. On the one hand, this way you can avoid problems with growing. But this technology is quite expensive, since new seedlings will have to be bought annually. In addition, many argue that strawberries bring the best harvest in the second year.

After harvesting, usually, plant care practically stops. It is during this period that the strawberry bushes begin to grow, and the so-called "whiskers" appear. Strawberries propagate with the help of whiskers. In order for the bush to grow strong, the mustache must be removed.

On plants on which the whiskers were not removed, the next year's harvest is usually noticeably worse than on those bushes on which the whiskers were removed. Therefore, after harvesting, strawberries must be cut. But care must be taken not to damage the core, which is located near the ground itself. Carefully and accurately, all old leaves and shoots are cut off so that young and strong ones grow later.

Strawberry foliage is harvested with a rake, and then the aisle is loosened with a chopper. On a large plot, the aisle can even be plowed with a walk-behind tractor. Literally in 2 weeks, green leaves will reappear on the plantation, and after another week, the beds take on their former appearance, as if the foliage had not been cut off.

The most important thing is to carry out this procedure during the summer, and in no case in the fall, otherwise the foliage will not have time to grow before the cold weather, and the strawberries will die.

Seedlings planted on the beds are not covered too tightly with sheets of paper in the first two days, and then for a week every day they are watered two or three times with a watering can by sprinkling at 2-3 liters per 1 sq. m, so that the seedlings are well accepted. If flower stalks appear on the plants, they are removed.

In October, beds with strawberries are mulched with sawdust and peat with a layer of 5-6 cm. In November, it is necessary to cover the branches with spruce branches so that snow lingers on the beds. At the first frosts up to 8 ° C, strawberries should be covered with a layer of snow 10-12 cm.

Author: Zorina A.

Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries), Fragaria moschata. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Strengthening immunity: Eat fresh strawberries daily to boost your immune system.
• Headache treatment: chop a few fresh strawberries and apply them on the forehead and back of the head. Leave on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with water. This will help reduce headaches.
• Treatment of diabetes: use fresh strawberry leaves to make tea. Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of crushed strawberry leaves and steep for 10-15 minutes. Drink warm on an empty stomach every day. This tea helps reduce blood sugar levels.
• Cough treatment: pour a glass of boiling water on 1 tablespoon of crushed strawberry leaves and leave for 10-15 minutes. Add 1 tablespoon of honey and drink warm several times a day to alleviate coughs and improve respiratory function.
• Constipation treatment: use fresh strawberries to make syrup. Grind 1 cup of strawberries and add 1 cup of water. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and let simmer for 10 minutes. Strain and drink 1 tablespoon of syrup every day to improve digestion and relieve constipation.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: Chop a few fresh strawberries and add 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon yogurt. Apply the mixture on your face and leave on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This mask nourishes and moisturizes the skin, brightens it and improves the complexion.
• Body Scrub: Chop a few fresh strawberries and add 1 tablespoon of jojoba oil and 2 tablespoons of sugar. Massage your body with this scrub, then rinse with warm water. This scrub removes dead skin cells and improves skin texture.
• Hair conditioner: Chop a few fresh strawberries and mix them with 1 cup of coconut milk. Apply to hair and leave for 30 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This conditioner nourishes and moisturizes the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
• Hand cream: Chop a few fresh strawberries and mix them with 1 tablespoon shea butter and 1 tablespoon coconut oil. Apply to hands and massage to absorb cream. This cream nourishes and moisturizes the skin of the hands, making it soft and smooth.
• Shower gel: Chop a few fresh strawberries and add 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon olive oil. Add some water and stir to make a gel. Use this face wash to cleanse your skin

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Muscat strawberries (garden strawberries, high strawberries, real strawberries, high strawberries, European strawberries, Spanish strawberries), Fragaria moschata. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Muscat strawberry (Fragaria moschata) is a perennial plant that grows in gardens and meadows in Europe. It is also known as garden strawberry, high strawberry, true strawberry, high strawberry, European strawberry and Spanish strawberry.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing nutmeg strawberries:

Cultivation:

• Muscat strawberries can be grown both outdoors and in pots or containers.
• Choose a sunny location with protection from the wind for strawberries.
• The soil should be fertile, loose and well-drained.
• Planting nutmeg strawberries should take place in spring or autumn. Plants should be planted at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other.
• The planting depth of the roots should not exceed 1-2 cm.
• Water the nutmeg strawberries regularly, especially during the ripening period of the berries.
• Remove weeds and mulch the soil to retain moisture.
• Feed nutmeg strawberries with organic fertilizers in spring and summer.
• Trim leaves and shoots periodically to encourage growth and yield.
• Muscat strawberries ripen in late June - early July. Berries should be harvested as they ripen to avoid overripe and rotting of the fruit.
• Berries are best picked in dry weather in the morning or evening to avoid damage and contamination.
• You can freeze fresh berries or use them to make jams, preserves, compotes and other desserts.

Workpiece:

• Muscat strawberry is a popular garden plant and is used as a food product.
• Nutmeg strawberries can be used to make desserts, jams, compotes and ice cream.
• Muscat strawberries are picked during the ripening period, usually in June-July.

Storage:

• Fresh nutmeg strawberries are best eaten immediately after picking, but they can also be frozen or dried.
• For freezing, tightly sealed containers or bags should be used to avoid spoilage of the product.
• To dry nutmeg strawberries, place them on a paper towel in a warm and dry place.

See also Article Strawberry. Features of planting and growing

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