Food poisoning. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Food poisoning. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

When eating poor-quality infected products of animal origin (meat, fish, sausages, canned meat and fish, milk and products from it - cream, ice cream, etc.), food poisoning occurs - food intoxication. The disease is caused by microbes in this product and their metabolic products - toxins. Meat, fish can become infected during the life of animals, but most often this occurs during cooking, as a result of improper storage of food. Shredded meat (pate, jelly, minced meat) is especially easily infected.

The first symptoms appear 2-4 hours after ingestion of the contaminated product. In some cases, the disease develops after 20-26 hours - usually it starts suddenly: there are general malaise, nausea, repeated vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, sometimes with an admixture of mucus and blood streaks. Intoxication rapidly increases: blood pressure decreases, the pulse quickens and weakens, the skin turns pale, thirst appears, body temperature rises to 30 - 40 ° C. If the patient is left without help, cardiovascular insufficiency develops catastrophically quickly, convulsive muscle contractions occur, collapse and death occur.

First aid consists in the immediate washing of the stomach with water using a gastric tube or by inducing artificial vomiting - drinking plenty of warm water (1,5-2 liters) followed by irritation of the root of the tongue. Rinse to "clear water". It is also necessary to give plenty of fluids with self-vomiting.

For the speedy removal of infected products from the intestines, the patient must be given carbolene ("gastric" coal) and a laxative (25 g of saline laxative in 1/2 cup of water or 30 ml of castor oil). It is forbidden to take any food for 1-2 days, but a plentiful drink is prescribed. In the acute period (after gastric lavage), hot tea and coffee are indicated. The patient must be warmed by overlaying heating pads (to the legs, arms). The patient's stools and vomit must be disinfected directly in the vessel (mixed with dry bleach). For the victim, you should call an ambulance or take him to a medical facility.

Mushroom poisoning can occur when taking poisonous mushrooms (red or gray fly agaric, false honey agaric, pale grebe, false champignon), as well as edible mushrooms if they are spoiled (moldy, covered with mucus, stored for a long time). The most poisonous pale grebe - fatal poisoning can occur when taking one mushroom. It should be remembered that boiling does not destroy the poison in mushrooms.

The first signs of poisoning are noticeable after a few hours. Against the background of rapidly growing weakness, salivation, nausea, repeated painful vomiting, severe colicky abdominal pain, headache, dizziness appear. Soon there is diarrhea (often bloody) and symptoms of damage to the nervous system: visual disturbances, delirium, hallucinations, motor agitation, convulsions.

In case of severe poisoning, especially caused by pale grebe, excitation occurs after 6-10 hours: it is replaced by drowsiness, indifference to the environment; cardiac activity sharply weakens, arterial pressure decreases, body temperature falls, jaundice appears. If the patient is not helped, then a collapse develops, quickly leading to death.

First aid often plays a decisive role in saving the patient. It is necessary to immediately begin gastric lavage with water - preferably with a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate, using a probe or the method of artificially induced vomiting. It is useful to add an adsorbent to the solution: activated carbon, carbolene. Then they give a laxative (castor oil and saline laxative), put a cleansing enema several times. After these procedures, the patient must be warmly covered and overlaid with heating pads, given a drink in the form of hot sweet tea, coffee. The patient should be taken to a hospital as soon as possible.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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