Rickets. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Rickets. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Rickets occurs due to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, as a result of which the formation of the skeletal system suffers. The bones do not receive enough minerals, they become soft and easily deformed. The deformation of the child's skeleton often remains for life.

The cause of the disease is a deficiency of vitamin D, which is formed in the body mainly under the influence of sunlight.

The occurrence of the disease is facilitated by artificial feeding of the child with mixtures, especially not adapted ones, as well as the frequent use of semolina porridge and potatoes, in which there are a lot of phosphates (due to phosphate fertilizers). Phosphates inhibit the absorption of calcium, and semolina reduces the absorption of vitamin D and calcium from the intestines. Exacerbate metabolic disorders of vitamin D, phosphorus and calcium and prematurity and some diseases: diseases of the intestines, liver, kidneys.

Against the background of the disease, the metabolism of magnesium, potassium, zinc and other trace elements is also disturbed, the activity of enzymes changes, polyhypovitaminosis appears, and all types of metabolism are distorted. Ultimately, all the organs and systems of the baby suffer. Rickets always leads to a decrease in the protective functions of the body.

Symptoms of the disease

The first symptoms may appear in a baby at the age of 1-1,5 months. The child becomes restless, often shudders, cries a lot, sleeps poorly, refuses to eat.

At the same time, sweating appears during sleep and during feeding. And the head sweats the most. The baby intensively rubs it against the crib, and subsequently, baldness of the back of the head can be noticed.

If you skip these changes, then in a month changes in the child's skeleton may begin.

The flat bones of the skull soften. The soft skull changes configuration: the back of the head becomes flat, asymmetry of the head occurs, the frontal and occipital tubercles begin to protrude, and the entire skull takes on a square shape. Sometimes the bridge of the nose (saddle nose) sinks in and the forehead protrudes strongly (Olympic forehead). The volume of the head increases. Thickenings also appear on the border of the bone and cartilaginous parts of the ribs, the so-called rachitic "rosary". There is a deformity of the chest. Its front part, together with the sternum, bulges forward somewhat and takes the form of a "chicken" or "keel-like" chest. The curvature of the back increases. In the future, when the child begins to walk, scoliosis may also occur.

Changes occur in the hands - the bones expand and thicken, forming "rachitic bracelets". They are especially noticeable in the area of the forearm. The phalanges of the fingers also thicken.

The legs acquire an O-shaped (less often an X-shaped) shape. Almost simultaneously, flat feet appear.

A large temechko in children closes only at the age of 1,5-2 years and later.

Teeth erupt late, but there are cases much earlier than the due date, but randomly. Very often there are defects in the enamel and caries of milk, and then permanent teeth.

The characteristic symptoms of rickets are muscle hypotension and weakness of the ligamentous apparatus: muscle flaccidity, looseness of the joints. Patients, lying on their back, can easily reach their head with their foot, put their foot on their shoulder. They have a large "frog" belly, which is associated with lethargy of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. There is almost always a divergence of the abdominal muscles.

Children later begin to raise their heads, sit, get up, walk.

What can be done at home

1. It is impossible to treat rickets on your own, medicines and vitamins are prescribed by a doctor.

2. In order to prevent rickets in the second month of life, the baby begins to prevent the disease by adding vitamin D in the form of an aqueous or oily solution. The dose of the vitamin is prescribed by the local pediatrician.

3. Walk more with your child, especially during daylight hours.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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