Artificial respiration

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Artificial respiration

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

In the event of respiratory and cardiac arrest, it is necessary to immediately begin to conduct artificial respiration mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose and chest compressions.

To perform artificial respiration, the victim must be placed on his back, his head thrown back as much as possible, placing a board or a roller of clothes under his shoulder blades so that the airways straighten out and the tongue does not block the entrance to the trachea (Figure 9).

Artificial respiration

Fig.9. Artificial respiration: a - by mouth-to-mouth method; b- method "from mouth to nose"

Making artificial respiration in the mouth-to-mouth method, the assisting person is located on the side of the victim’s head, slips one hand under his neck, and presses his forehead with the palm of the other hand, tilting his head as much as possible. In this case, the root of the tongue rises and frees the entrance to the larynx, and the victim's mouth opens. The caregiver leans towards the victim's face, takes a deep breath with his mouth open, then fully covers the victim's open mouth with his lips and exhales vigorously; at the same time covers the nose of the victim with the cheek or fingers of the hand located on the forehead (Figure 9 a). As soon as the victim's chest has risen, the air injection is stopped, the assisting person raises his head, and the victim passively exhales. In order for the exhalation to be deeper, you can gently press the hand on the chest to help the air out of the lungs of the victim.

If the victim has a well-determined pulse and only artificial respiration is necessary, then the interval between breaths should be 5 seconds, which corresponds to a respiratory rate of 12 times per minute.

If the victim's jaws are tightly compressed and it is not possible to open his mouth, artificial respiration should be carried out using the mouth-to-nose method (Figure 9 b).

If the victim is missing not only breathing, but also the pulse on the carotid artery, artificial respiration alone is not enough when providing assistance. In this case, it is necessary to perform external cardiac massage (Figure 10). If assistance is provided by one, he is located on the side of the victim and, bending over, makes two quick energetic blows (according to the "mouth-to-mouth" or "mouth-to-nose" method), then unbends, remaining on the same side of the victim, the palm of one puts his hands on the lower half of the chest, retreating two fingers higher from its lower edge, and raises his fingers. He puts the palm of the second hand on top of the first across or along and presses, helping by tilting his body. When pressing, the arms should be straightened at the elbow joints.

It should be pressed with quick jerks so as to displace the sternum by 3 ... 4 centimeters, the duration of pressure is not more than 0,5 seconds, the interval between individual pressures is not more than 0,5 seconds.

During pauses, the hands are not removed from the sternum (if two people provide assistance), the fingers remain raised, the arms are fully extended at the elbow joints.

If the revival is carried out by one person (Figure 10 b), then for every two deep blows, he makes 15 pressures on the sternum, then again makes two blows and again repeats 15 pressures. In a minute, it is necessary to do 60 pressures and 12 blows, that is, perform 72 manipulations, so the pace of resuscitation should be high.

Experience shows that most of the time is spent on artificial respiration. You can not delay the blowing; as soon as the chest of the victim has risen, it must be stopped.

With the participation of two people in resuscitation (Figure 10 c), the "breath-massage" ratio is 1:5, that is, after one blowing, five chest compressions are performed.

Artificial respiration

Fig. 10 - Carrying out artificial respiration and external heart massage: a - the correct position of the hands during external heart massage and determining the pulse on the carotid artery (dotted line); b - carrying out artificial respiration and external heart massage by one person; c - carrying out artificial respiration and external heart massage together

Authors: Afanasiev Yu.G., Ovcharenko A.G., Trutneva L.I.

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