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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions for labor protection in logging operations. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General safety requirements The section is set out independently on the basis of the Standard Instructions TOI R-07-001-98 "General safety requirements for professions and types of work performed in the field" taking into account the specifics of a particular forestry enterprise. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Felling operations on thinning and sanitary felling, including tree felling, must be carried out in accordance with the approved technological map. After getting acquainted with it, the brigade is given a diagram of the cutting area being developed, which indicates the order of work, dangerous zones, arrangement of mechanisms and equipment, technological elements of the cutting area, and safety equipment. The feller, his assistant, other members of the team must follow the established technology and this instruction on labor protection, before starting work, make sure of their knowledge, clarify any unclear questions with the foreman and not deviate from the established technology without the knowledge of the foreman. 2.2. Along the border of the danger zone of the felling, on the footpaths and roads crossing the cutting area, safety signs and warning signs are installed by the feller's assistant. Before felling trees, you must make sure that there are no equipment and unauthorized people (not related to felling trees) in the danger zone. 2.3. Check the completeness, serviceability and correctness of the use of overalls, safety shoes and other means of individual and group protection, hand tools and equipment. Wear protective equipment. 2.4. Do not start felling trees without being sure that there are no dangerous trees and other dangerous factors in the cutting area, which can lead to injury or an accident. 2.5. Before starting the chainsaw engine, the feller is obliged to: conduct an external inspection of the saw, make sure that its parts are in good condition and secure; put on and tension the saw chain; check the serviceability of felling devices; Pour the fuel mixture with unleaded gasoline into the tank. 2.6. When starting the engine, you must:
2.7. If you find any malfunctions of the saw and it is impossible to eliminate them on your own, inform the master. Do not start work with a defective saw and equipment. 2.8. Prior to the felling of a tree, a workplace must be prepared: around the tree, within a radius of at least 0,7 m, a shrub that interferes with felling is cut; at an angle of 60 degrees to the direction of felling the tree, escape paths (paths) are made in the direction opposite to the direction of felling, at least 3 m long (if necessary, 2 or more paths), at least 0,45 m wide. snow, after trampling down, leave a layer no more than 0,2 m thick on the ring and 0,3 m on the tracks. In addition to the bush, the nodules and roots of the tree are sawn off, and other obstacles that interfere with the felling of the tree are removed. 2.9. Prior to the start of the main logging operations, at a distance of at least 50 m from the boundaries of logging points, heating rooms, parking lots for cars and other equipment and premises located in the logging site, all trees must be removed during clear felling. When carrying out non-clear cuttings, all trees should be removed at a distance of 10 m from the boundaries of timber loading points and arrangement elements (heating rooms, canteens, etc.), and dangerous trees should be planted at a distance of 50 m from their boundaries. Heating rooms, equipment repair sites are located no closer than 10 m from the logging road. 2.10. For rest and eating, you can use mobile heating rooms. Materials of visual agitation on labor safety, a first aid kit and other equipment are placed in the room. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. When performing logging operations, at least 2 people must be in the cutting area. Solitary work in the cutting area is not allowed. All persons employed in logging operations must be provided, in addition to overalls and footwear, with protective helmets, and use them constantly and correctly. 3.2. Felling, skidding of wood, delimbing and bucking of wood in mountain cutting areas with a wind speed of more than 8 m/s is not allowed, in flat areas - felling of trees with a wind speed of more than 5 m/s. 3.3. While felling a tree in the danger zone, no other work is allowed. When people and mechanisms appear in the danger zone, the felling stops until the withdrawal of people and equipment from the zone. A dangerous zone when felling a tree in a flat area is a territory at a distance of twice the height of the forest stand, but not less than 50 m, in mountainous conditions - 60 m; with a slope of 15 degrees, the danger zone extends along the slope to the foot of the mountain, the zones are indicated by signs. 3.4. When felling a tree, you must:
3.5. Felling trees on the forest wall is not allowed. At the beginning of the development of a cutting area, cutting through clearings, logging roads, skid trails, felling of trees should be carried out in the gaps between neighboring trees. In case of selective, gradual, selective sanitary cuttings and thinnings for forest care, felling must be carried out in the gaps between the trees. Trees that interfere with the felling of branded trees, as well as their hauling, should be cut down to ensure safety. 3.6. Trees in nests overgrown or fused at the stump must be felled in the direction of their natural inclination; it is impossible to leave unsawn, chopped or hung in the process of felling trees. 3.7. It is not allowed to fell trees at night and fell on rocky, avalanche-prone slopes, battery felling (knocking down several sawn trees with another tree). 3.8. Hanging trees should be removed with a tractor, winch or horse traction from a distance of at least 35 m. To remove a hanging tree, attach a rope or rope to the butt of the tree and pull it off at an angle or along the hanging tree. You can also shoot hanging trees: with levers (full bars), moving the butt of the tree away from you; with a collar, fastening one end of the rope to the butt of a hanging tree and winding the other end around the trunk of a growing tree with a lever from a distance of at least 5 m from the end of a hanging tree; kondakom - rotating a hung tree around its axis. It is not allowed: to cut down the tree on which the hanging one rests, or to cut off the branches on which it rests; sawing blocks from the butt of a hung tree; knock down a hung tree by felling another tree on it; cut the roots, butt or stump of a hung tree; to remove a hung tree with a tractor simultaneously with a set of a pack of trees or whips; remove a hung tree with a grab or manipulator of a skidder or other machine. 3.9. During the development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas, as well as during clear sanitary felling, it is necessary: to fell trees in the direction of the main direction of the windblow, taking into account the terrain, the clutter of the cutting area, the method of skidding; remove hanging branches and tops before starting felling trees; to fell first of all the most dangerous trees and scraps; not to allow the felling of an unseparated scrap, the top of which is on the ground, without first checking the strength of the connection between the scrap and the butt of the tree; sloping trees with a damaged root system should be felled in the direction of the slope; tie trees with a crack from the top to the butt in front of the felling with five turns of hemp rope, hammering wooden wedges for strength (you can use a bandage); to dismantle the blockages in the cutting area with a tractor or a winch from a distance of at least 35 m; a tree with an unseparated break at a height of 1 m from the ground (if the broken top part is firmly connected to the butt part) should be felled together with the break. Before felling, fasten the tree to the butt with a tractor (winch) rope, make a notch with a half-cut 2 cm more than usual (without going under the scrap), and then land the tree with a tractor (winch); the method of felling hung trees is determined depending on the nature of the hover. If the hung tree has not completely broken off from the butt, then make a notch from the side, saw through with an undercut of 4-6 cm, after which the tree should be landed with a tractor (winch). If the tree is separated from the trunk (leans on the ground), it is removed with a tractor (winch). In the presence of several hung trees, each of them is removed separately, in uprooted and lying on the ground trees, the trunk is sawn off, having previously strengthened the block with stops. The first time to do from above to a depth of at least 1/2 of the diameter, the second from below at a distance of 2-3 cm from the first cut, closer to the butt. Having separated the trunk from the block with a tractor (winch), put the block vertically with the stump up. An unseparated trunk with a break at a height of less than 1 m is sawn off in the same way, but after laying the lining under the trunk. The development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas and clear sanitary felling of forests are work with increased danger, so you must first check your knowledge of the safety of their implementation during the targeted briefing. Constantly carry out the technology, apply protective equipment and additional equipment, do not deviate from the established procedure for performing work without the knowledge of the master. 4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. Stop felling trees: at a wind speed of more than 11 m/s in flat conditions and more than 8 m/s in mountainous conditions; during heavy rain, during thunderstorms, heavy snowfall and thick fog, when visibility is less than 5 m in flat terrain and 90 m in mountainous areas, during rockfall, upon warning of a possible natural disaster, radiation, chemical or other danger. 4.2. With the approach of a thunderstorm, all work stops, mechanisms and metal parts are placed no closer than 10 m from people, if possible, people are placed indoors or located in a clearing, areas of young animals, terrain folds. It is forbidden during a thunderstorm to hide under trees, be closer than 10 m from them, be located near and under power lines and communications, near towers, masts, large stones and on a hill, be located closer than 10 m from mechanisms. 4.3. If the saw engine overheats, allow it to cool in natural conditions, without using snow and water for this purpose. When clamping the saw bar in the kerf, turn off the engine and remove the bar, taking precautions. If the chainsaw malfunctions, stop working until the problem is fixed. 4.4. In case of fire, take measures to extinguish it with available means, inform the forestry, forestry, foreman or other official, the fire department. In case of any threat to life - leave the danger zone. 4.5. In the event of an accident, provide the victim with pre-hospital medical care (self-help), inform the foreman or other official about the incident, call an ambulance if necessary, or take measures to deliver the victim to a medical facility, if possible, preserve the situation of the incident. 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. Having finished the work, the feller and the lumberjack are obliged to: clean the chainsaw and additional devices from dirt and wood residues; remove and wash the saw chain, carburetor and fan screen, place the saw and tools in storage or prepare them for transportation. 5.2. Check for sawn, but not grounded, hanging trees, land them with a tractor. 5.3. If necessary, remove overalls and shoes, remove dirt and place for drying and storage. 5.4. Perform hygienic procedures, by inspection (self-examination) to make sure that there are no ticks on the body and clothes, if present, remove them. 5.5. Report shortcomings in work, identified violations of labor protection instructions and technology to the foreman so that they are eliminated on the next shift, report this to the public duty officer for labor protection and note the comments in the journal of administrative and public control on labor protection. 5.6. Put out the fires and sprinkle them with soil.
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