Instruction on labor protection for a machine operator on woodworking equipment

Free technical library

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

Instruction on labor protection for a machine operator on woodworking equipment

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

Comments on the article

Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. According to these instructions, the carpenter, while working on woodworking machines (hereinafter referred to as the machine operator), is instructed before starting work (initial instruction), and then every 3 months (repeated instruction).

The results of the briefing are entered into the "Logbook of registration of briefings on labor protection issues." The log after the instruction must contain the signatures of the instructor and the machine operator.

1.3. The owner must insure the machine operator against accidents and occupational diseases. In case of damage to health due to the fault of the owner, he (the machine operator) has the right to compensation for the damage caused to him.

1.4. For failure to comply with this instruction, the machine operator bears disciplinary, financial, administrative and criminal liability.

1.5. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, special training, and have a certificate that gives the right to work on woodworking machines are allowed to work on woodworking machines; underwent introductory training on labor protection and on-the-job training.

1.6. Woodworking machines must be installed according to the principle of sequence of technological processes.

1.7. In small woodworking shops with general-purpose equipment that are not connected by transport mechanisms, the machines are installed in a checkerboard pattern.

1.8. In order not to clutter workplaces and aisles, it is necessary to arrange areas between the machines for stocking blanks and parts.

1.9. The distance between the machines and the structures of the woodworking shop depends on the installation location of the machine and the largest dimensions of the parts being processed.

1.10. Machines must be installed so that the light falls from the left side and does not create reflections or oblique shadows on the working surface of the machine.

1.11. In addition to passages to workplaces, workshops must have a through passage along the entire length of the production premises. Its width, depending on the type of transport transporting parts, must be at least 3,8 m, and only for the passage of workers at least 1,5 m.

1.12. To clean thyrsa, shavings, and dust, machines must be equipped with pneumatic conveying units.

1.13. The floor near the machine must be equal and not slippery.

1.14. Each woodworking machine must be provided with:

1.14.1. A quick-acting device for turning the electric motor on and off.

1.14.2. Brake device.

1.14.3. Necessary protective equipment, fencing and grounding.

1.15. All cutting tools of machine tools must be sharpened correctly and sharply; saw teeth, in addition, must be set apart.

1.16. It is prohibited to work with the guards removed.

1.17. Cleaning, wiping, lubricating machines, replacing tools, and collecting chips can only be done after turning off the electric motor and stopping the moving parts.

1.18. Starting devices should be placed near workplaces.

1.19. The machine must be illuminated by daylight and electric light so that the entire table and cutting tools are clearly visible.

1.20. It is not allowed to change clothes near the machine and put clothes on it.

1.21. Processed materials and parts are allowed to be stacked near machines to a height of no more than 1,7 m. Measures must be taken to ensure that the stacks are stable.

1.22. Do not store flammable substances or cleaning materials near a running electric motor.

1.23. The machine operator must:

1.23.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.23.2. Use overalls and personal protective equipment.

1.23.3. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and responsibility for workmates.

1.23.4. Perform only the work for which he has been instructed and entrusted by the work manager.

1.23.5. Operate only the machine for which you have been instructed to operate safely.

1.23.6. Do not allow strangers to your workplace.

1.23.7. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.23.8. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.24. The main harmful and dangerous production factors affecting the machine operator:

overhang of parts that are fed to the cutting tool;
contact with moving parts of equipment;
electric shock;
lack of protective devices and protective devices on moving parts of equipment;
lack of signaling about the start-up of equipment, about accidents.
design flaws in the equipment;
increased noise, vibration, dust.

1.25. The machine operator is provided with special clothing: a viscose-lavsan suit, a cotton apron, and combined mittens.

To protect against dust, ashes, and shavings, protective glasses and earplugs are provided.

1.26. Instructions for the safe operation of the machine and a sign with the name of the worker responsible for the operation of the machine are posted at the workplace.

1.27. All handles, buttons, steering wheels, handwheels and other parts of equipment control must have inscriptions about their purpose.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on and tidy up your uniform.

2.1.1. Tuck in your clothes so that there are no dangling ends.

2.1.2. Tightly put on a hat, pick up hair under it.

2.2. Check the correct and reliable installation of protective barriers, auxiliary and warning devices.

2.3. Lubricate all moving parts according to the lubrication chart.

2.4. Check the condition of the starting and protective equipment, the presence of protective grounding.

2.5. Pay special attention to the fastening of the cutting tool.

2.6. Check that the machine is set up correctly.

2.6.1. Turn the working shaft by hand with the motor switched off.

2.6.2. Let the machine idle.

During operation, it should produce an even sound; the table and bed should not vibrate.

2.6.3. Do a trial run on a few parts.

2.7. If during the inspection any malfunction of the machine is revealed, it is prohibited to start work until all defects are eliminated.

2.8. Check the availability and serviceability of the necessary tools.

2.9. Unnecessary items, tools, and cleaning materials must be removed from the machine before starting work.

2.10. During repairs, cleaning, and lubrication of the machine, post a sign near the starting devices: “Do not turn it on! People are working.”

2.11. Tighten loose nuts, locknuts, bolts, wedges, check the cotter pins of bolted connections of the machine, accessories and devices.

2.12. Check the operation of the starting, braking, protective, blocking and feeding devices and mechanisms while the machine is idling; reliable fixation of control handles.

2.13. When setting up the machine, use proper wrenches that match the size of the nuts and bolts. It is prohibited to use gaskets between the wrench mouth and the edges of the nuts, or to extend the wrench with a pipe or other levers.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Safety requirements when working on woodworking machines must be set out in technological documentation and followed throughout the entire technological process.

3.2. Before turning on the machine and during its operation, the presence of unauthorized persons in the workplace is not allowed.

3.3. Before starting the machine, the machine operator must warn the auxiliary workers about this each time.

3.4. After starting the machine, the workpiece can be fed only when the cutting tool shaft reaches its full speed.

3.5. Feeding of workpieces onto the cutting tool should be done smoothly without jolts or jerks.

3.6. Do not bring your hands close to the cutting tool or touch the rotating parts of the machine; stand opposite the cutting part.

3.7. It is not allowed to process frozen materials, with nails, adhering concrete, clay, etc.

3.8. When sawing and planing short and thin parts, as well as when finishing long parts, the machine operator must use a pusher, both hands must be on the pusher.

3.9. Narrow (less than 100 mm) parts can only be processed if there are clamping devices on the machine, and short (less than 300 mm) parts can only be processed using special templates.

3.10. If a malfunction is detected, including the appearance of extraneous noise, knocking, or overheating of the cutting tool, the machine must be stopped and a mechanic must be called.

3.11. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the bearings. The cause of overheating should be found and eliminated. Bearings must not be cooled with water.

3.12. In case of spontaneous stoppage of the cutting tool of the machine, if the workpiece being processed is under the guard, it is necessary to turn off the machine and only then raise the guard and eliminate the malfunction.

3.13. The machine operator must monitor the work of the assistant, who must:

3.13.1. Take over the workpiece and move it away so that there is no distortion.

3.13.2. Remove the workpiece from the machine only after it passes beyond the boundaries of the cutting tool and beyond the riving knife.

3.13.3. When returning a part to the machine operator for re-cutting or processing, move it away from the machine and parallel to it.

3.13.4. Place parts in stacks or on a cart without cluttering the work area.

3.13.5. Promptly clear the work area and the passage near the machine from scraps and waste.

3.14. The machine operator must not transfer or accept from them any objects to his assistant, as well as to other persons, through a working machine.

3.15. During operation, it is prohibited to stand on the machine table or lean on it.

3.16. Smoking is prohibited in the workplace.

3.17. When leaving the workplace (even for a short time), the machine operator must turn off the machine; You can leave only after it has stopped completely.

3.18. While the machine is running, it is prohibited to pull out foreign objects that accidentally fell into the feed drive mechanism.

3.19. Removing cuttings, waste and dust from the machine and places located near its moving parts must only be done after the machine has completely stopped using a brush with a long handle or a broom. Do not clean the machine with your hand, mitten or cloth.

4. Additional safety measures when working on woodworking machines

4.1. Circular saw for longitudinal sawing.

4.1.1. The sawing disk must be protected on top by a cap, which automatically lowers onto the material being cut, and from below by a stationary casing.

4.1.2. The gap in the table, which serves to pass the saw blade, must be filled with a wooden, cleanly planed insert made of dry soft wood, in which a slot is made for the saw blade. The width of the cut should be no more than 10 mm.

4.1.3. Cuttings that are stuck in the sawed gap can only be removed using a special hook after the machine has completely stopped.

4.1.4. For longitudinal sawing of materials, the machine must be equipped with a riving knife, which must meet the following requirements:

4.1.4.1. The edge of the knife facing the saw should be sharpened to no more than one-fifth of its width.

4.1.4.2. The thickened part of the knife should have a size that exceeds the saw blade width by 0,5 mm for saws with a diameter of up to 600 mm and 1-2 mm for saws with a diameter of more than 600 mm.

4.1.4.3. The height of the knife above the machine table should not be less than the height of the upper teeth of the saw.

4.1.4.4. The distance between the pointed part of the knife and the rear teeth of a saw of any diameter should not exceed 10 mm.

4.1.4.5. The knife is fastened with bolts, ensuring that it is always in the plane of the cut and can be quickly replaced.

4.1.5. Regardless of the use of a riving knife on the machine, stops must be installed in front and behind the saw in the form of a curtain of steel plates of equal length or toothed sectors of a curved shape, which ensure that a constant wedging angle of 55-60° is maintained. The stops should swing easily on the pole and have sharp ends.

4.1.6. It is prohibited to use a riving knife to attach protective or other devices to it.

4.1.7. It is forbidden:

4.1.7.1. Simultaneously saw several workpieces without special equipment.

4.1.7.2. Cut material shorter than 300 mm or narrower than 30 mm without using special templates.

4.1.7.3. Sawing round timber without a carriage with a mechanical feed.

4.1.8. During longitudinal sawing, the machine operator must be near the left front (in the direction of feed) corner of the machine and direct the material being processed from the side, and not from the end, so that during an accidental reverse ejection it does not hit the stomach or chest.

Finishing the material must be done with a pusher.

4.1.9. Requirements for saw blades:

4.1.9.1. The diameter of the saw should be such that the upper teeth protrude above the material being processed by at least 50 mm.

4.1.9.2. The surface of the saw blade must be completely smooth and cleanly ground. There should be no cracks, thickenings or burrs on the depressions between the teeth and on the teeth themselves.

4.1.9.3. Do not use saws with broken teeth or small cracks.

4.1.9.4. Vibration, beating and "eight" of the saw blade is not allowed.

4.1.9.5. The saw teeth must be sharp and have no blue discoloration on the cutting edges.

4.1.9.6. The saw spread should be 0,5 mm for dry material and 0,75 mm for wet material.

4.1.9.7. The correct installation of the saw blade should be checked at low machine speeds by bringing a control wooden beam to the teeth of the disk and to its side surface near the crown of the teeth. Low speeds are created by rotating the shaft by hand (with the mandatory disconnection of the machine from the power supply).

It is prohibited to check the disk at full shaft revolutions, and it is prohibited to use metal rulers.

4.2. End machine.

4.2.1. The movement of the front teeth of the saw blade should be directed from top to bottom so that the saw presses the material being cut against the table surface and against the stop ruler.

4.2.2. The sawing disk should be protected with a solid metal cap in such a way that when not in use all the teeth are closed, and in the working state only those teeth that take part in sawing are open.

4.2.3. It is necessary to install protective stops on the miter saw, which limit the movement of the saw so that it can deviate towards the worker only as much as necessary to cut the greatest width.

4.2.4. After finishing the sawing, the saw should be automatically retracted by a counterweight behind the stop, which limits the working part of the table on the rear side.

4.2.5. If the saw returns to its original position, it should not bounce off its stop.

4.2.6. In the final, non-working position of the saw, a special elastic latch must be installed, which allows the saw to be moved from its place only after a certain force is applied by the worker to the saw handle.

4.2.7. The frame of the machine must be balanced in such a way that the force on the handle required to bring the saw to the wood does not exceed 5 kg.

4.2.8. The gap for the saw blade in the table and stop fence should not exceed the saw spread by more than 5 mm.

4.2.9. The tops of the saw teeth should fall below the level of the table by 50 mm.

4.3. Jointing machine.

4.3.1. The knife shaft of the planer must be round.

4.3.2. The planes of the planing knives must be ground. Rust, cracks, deep scratches are not allowed.

4.3.3. To avoid shaft beating and knives flying out during operation, they should be pre-balanced.

4.3.4. Knives with shaped blades are not allowed to be used on a jointer.

4.3.5. The surface of work tables and guides must be flat and smooth.

4.3.6. Planing of workpieces shorter than 400 mm, narrower than 50 mm, or thinner than 30 mm when fed manually is prohibited.

4.3.7. From the knife shaft, knives are allowed to be released no more than 3 mm.

4.3.8. The back half of the machine in the working position should be in the same horizontal plane with the knife blades at the highest point, and the front half of the table should be lower than the back half by the thickness of the layer of wood being removed: 2-3 mm for soft wood; 1-1,5 mm - for wood of medium hardness and no more than 0,5 mm - for hardwood.

4.3.9. The machine must be provided with a protective strip and sharply beveled steel plates, and the non-working part of the gap must be tightly closed.

4.3.10. In the case of shaped jointing of parts with manual feeding, devices must be used to press them to the table.

4.4. Milling machines.

4.4.1. The non-working part, and also (as far as possible) the working part of cutting tools must be covered with protective covers.

4.4.2. The blade shafts of milling machines must be round. It is not allowed to use pads to shape the shaft into a round shape.

4.4.3. Mills and milling heads that operate at a cutting speed of 50 m/s should be subjected to tensile testing in special installations.

4.4.4. When milling straight parts, the material is directed along a ruler, and profile parts are guided in templates along a support ring mounted on the spindle. The parts are secured to the template using the most reliable screw method.

4.4.5. If the diameter of the cutting tool exceeds 200 mm or there are several cutters installed on the spindle, the upper end of the spindle must be fixed in a bracket.

4.4.6. In the case of through milling or milling from the middle, limit stops must be installed at the guide ruler on the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the cutter, which correspond to the length of the section to be milled.

4.4.7. Milling parts smaller than 40x40 mm without special devices is prohibited.

4.4.8. The hole in the table for the spindle should not exceed the diameter of the spindle by more than 30 mm.

4.4.9. Curvilinear milling must be performed in special devices.

4.5. Thicknessing machines.

4.5.1. The knife shaft must be covered at the top and front with a solid metal cap.

4.5.2. The machine must have clamps in front of and behind the knife shaft. The front clamp should be sectional whenever possible.

4.5.3. To protect against possible flyout of the processed material, it is necessary to install braking claws or gear sectors in front of the front feed rollers.

4.5.4. The length of the workpiece must be 100 mm greater than the distance between the axes of the front and rear rolls.

4.5.5. To process the part, you must have pressure rolls.

4.5.6. During operation, the machine operator should not stand in front of the workpiece; working on the machine with the protective cover raised is prohibited.

4.5.7. The lower feed rollers should protrude above the table surface by 0,2 mm when planing hard wood and by 0,4 mm when planing soft wood.

4.5.8. The top feed rollers must be completely insulated so that they cannot be touched.

4.5.9. All machine rollers must be free of cracks, knocked out teeth and worn surfaces.

4.5.10. The workpieces must be easily picked up by the feed rollers and pass through the machine without stopping.

4.5.11. It is prohibited to simultaneously process several parts on a machine that is not equipped with spring sectional rollers.

4.6. Chain slotting and slotting machines.

4.6.1. Parts in the machine carriage must be secured with clamping devices during processing.

4.6.2. The working chain is tensioned so that its tension from the rulers in the middle does not exceed 5 mm.

4.6.3. The working and non-working parts of the chain must be protected.

4.6.4. The guard casing rises to the machine support, as a result of which the working and non-working parts, the cutting chain, are always closed.

4.6.5. The front part of the casing must have a slot so that the work process can be observed.

4.6.6. The crank mechanism and all moving parts of the slotting machine must be enclosed, and the material being processed must be secured on the table.

5. Safety requirements after finishing work

5.1. Turn off the machine, close the switch.

5.2. Tidy up the work area - remove shavings, trimmings, thyrsa, etc.

5.3. Tools and accessories must be checked, prepared for subsequent use and placed in the place designated for them.

5.4. Semi-finished and processed products must be placed in the designated area.

5.5. Take off overalls, wash your face and hands with soap; If possible, take a shower.

5.6. Report to the work manager about any shortcomings that arose during work.

6. Safety requirements in emergency situations

6.1. When working on woodworking machines, situations that can lead to an accident or accident are the result of: electric shock, workpieces and their fragments flying out, tools flying out, lack of protective guards.

6.2. In the event of an emergency, you must immediately disconnect the machine from the power supply; fence off the danger zone; do not allow unauthorized persons into it.

6.3. Report what happened to the supervisor.

6.4. If there are victims, provide them with first aid; if necessary, call emergency medical assistance.

6.5. Providing first aid.

6.5.1. First aid for electric shock:

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this condition, revival must begin immediately, and then call an ambulance.

6.5.2. First aid for injury:

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

6.5.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks:

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconscious state after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or from the mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a spinal fracture is suspected, it is necessary to place the victim on a board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while making sure that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

6.5.4. First aid for thermal burns:

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile bandage, call a doctor.

6.5.5. First aid for bleeding:

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

raise the injured limb up;
Cover the bleeding wound with dressing material (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it on top without touching the wound itself, and hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding has stopped, without removing the applied material, place another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton wool on top of it, and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

6.6. If a fire occurs, you should call the fire department and begin to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing equipment.

6.7. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

▪ Mason. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Fuel dispenser. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Maintenance of hot water boilers ZIO-60, E/1-0-9g on gaseous fuel. Standard instruction on labor protection

See other articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

MAX9701 - Class D Audio Power Amplifier 18.04.2005

The DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR-MAXIM MAX9701 is a Class D audio power amplifier. It delivers up to 1,3W into 8 ohms and is up to 87% efficient.

A feature of the new microcircuit is a patented modulation method, due to which electromagnetic radiation is drastically reduced. The microcircuit operates in the supply voltage range from 2,5 to 5,5 V and is available in QFN-EP-24 and TSSOP-20 packages.

Designed for portable applications (cell phones, players, laptops, etc.).

Other interesting news:

▪ Your pills are calling you

▪ Zhanjiang Xinjuneng Technology 64-core laptop

▪ Amazon Kindle DX e-book

▪ Scholars love short headlines

▪ NASA tested a space nuclear reactor

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the website Basics of First Medical Aid (BFA). Selection of articles

▪ article Kulibin. Popular expression

▪ article Why will we never forget Caesar? Detailed answer

▪ article Working with a shrub trimmer. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Two designs with touch control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Voltage converter 5/9 volts for powering radios. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews